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Section 4: The Late Middle Ages
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The Black Death (bubonic plague)
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9 killed perhaps 1/2 of Europe
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Source of the Black Death
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Consequences Jews became scapegoats (p. 341) Trade declined, price of labor rose, food prices fell Jews became scapegoats (p. 341) Trade declined, price of labor rose, food prices fell
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Shortage of labor=freedom of serfs
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The Great Schism 1378- 1417 1300 Pope Boniface VIII claimed authority over French Bishops-Philip IV had him arrested. (Pope later died)
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French King Philip IV forced election of 1st French Pope (Clement V)
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Moved papacy to Avignon in France.
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College of Cardinals elected a second Pope, an Italian-later a 3rd was elected
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The Schism
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Council of Constance Schism ended in 1417 by Holy Roman Emperor (fired everyone and had a new pope elected, and moved back to Rome)
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Church teachings challenged
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John Wycliffe (England) taught that Jesus, not the Pope was the final authority Inspired a Bible in English
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John Huss (Bohemia) Bible was final authority
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Council of Constance- Huss double-crossed and burned as a heretic
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John Hus 25
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Touches off the Hussite Wars
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Hussite War Wagon 23
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End of the Age of Faith War, Plague and Schism caused loss of prestige for the Church
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The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453
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1337 French King Philip VI seized last English territory in France
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Later Edward III (England) claimed French throne when last Capetian died
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Crecy Battle of Crecy 1346
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1. English Longbow and French mistakes= victory 2. Outnumbered English slaughtered French knights 1. English Longbow and French mistakes= victory 2. Outnumbered English slaughtered French knights
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Cross bow 23
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The Long Bow made the difference
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Poitiers 1356
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French King and his son captured
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Agincourt 1415
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Henry V English hero
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High water mark for England
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Joan of Arc 42
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1. Teenage peasant heard heavenly voices
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Treaty after Agincourt called for Henry V to inherit France on the death of Charles VI
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2. Joan convinced The Dauphin (son of the previous king) to fight for the throne
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3. Led by Joan, French won Battle of Orleans, and the Dauphin was crowned Charles VII
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4. Joan was captured and executed at Rouen by the English for heresy- Charles did nothing to save her
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Execution of Joan 4
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Rouen Bridge from which Joan’s ashes were flung 41
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5. Charles VII became a great King 6. England was removed from France
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End of the Age of Chivalry
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23 Introduction of Guns 23
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Ended age of Castles, armor and Knights
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Political Recovery
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France Much of France Devastated King gained power Created a sense of nationalism Much of France Devastated King gained power Created a sense of nationalism
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England Sense of nationalism Strengthened Parliament Sense of nationalism Strengthened Parliament
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The Wars of the Roses
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1399 Henry Bolingbroke seized the throne, became Henry VI
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1455--Henry VI (Lancaster--White rose) Sometimes insane. Lost 100 Years War
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Wars began when Yorks (Red rose) challenged the Lancasters (White rose) for the throne
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Richard III, Last York king
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The Princes of the Tower Richard murdered his nephews to become king
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Richard killed at Battle of Bosworth 1485 “His beaver (bevoir) was up”
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Victor at Bosworth, Henry Tudor (Lancaster) who became Henry VII
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Henry VII married Elizabeth of York (daughter of Edward II)
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united families
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Ended wars by abolishing private armies Lowered taxes Ended wars by abolishing private armies Lowered taxes
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Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain http://www.ignatiushistory.info/00100.html
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Marriage in 1469 began unification of Spain 1492 Defeated Granada, last Muslim kingdom 1492 Expelled the Jews Began the inquisition
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Central and Eastern Europe Hapsburgs of Austria dominated Holy Roman Empire Moscow began to dominate Russia Hapsburgs of Austria dominated Holy Roman Empire Moscow began to dominate Russia
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