1.  Grab a History Alive textbook and read page 293. Find two sentences in the section that best match the visual details in the photograph.  Predict: How was WWI different than previous wars?

2.  Questions for Song 1:  What is the mood of this music? Does the mood match the lyrics? Explain.  According to this song, why should young men fight in the war?  What do you think Cohan’s purpose was in writing this song?  Questions for Song 2:  What is the mood of this music? Does the mood match the lyrics? Explain.  According to this song, what dangers do soldiers have to look out for?  What do you think Europe’s purpose was in writing this song?  Questions for both songs:  What differences are there between “Over There” and “On Patrol in No-Man’s Land”?  Which song gives a more realistic version of what the war was like for combatants?

4.  WWI proved to be unlike previous wars in many ways  For centuries, opposing forces had conducted combat face-to-face and hand-to-hand  Military technology was limited and troops fired only at targets they could see clearly  New technology made WWI more impersonal and much deadlier

5.  Both sides thought WWI would end in under a week  Instead, WWI turned into a stalemate – both sides suffered heavy losses but neither could gain an advantage

6.  Step 1: Preview! In the first column of the provided graphic organizer, write a brief explanation of how you think each technology might have changed the experience of war for combatants.  Machine Gun  Flamethrower  Artillery  Tank  Trench System  Poison Gas  Airplane  Battleship  Submarine

7. 1. Read a primary source excerpt describing a military technology. 2. Match the excerpt to one of nine stations around the room. 3. Examine the visual and written information about how this technology changed the war experience for combatants. 4. In the second column of the provided graphic organizer, list the station and confirm or revise your original predictions about how each technology affected combatants’ experience of the war. Add three adjectives that describe each technology. 5. Repeat these steps until you’ve gone through all nine primary source excerpts!

8.  Write your own poem that describes the experience of war. Include these elements:  A title  At least eight lines  Three or more examples of how WWI was different from previous wars for combatants  How these examples changed the war experience for combatants

9.  Answer the reflection questions on your graphic organizer and be prepared to move!

10.  New weapon technology!  Bolt-Action Rifle  Machine Gun  Artillery  Poisonous Gas  Zeppelin  Tanks  Planes  U-Boats  Trench Warfare  New weapons meant soldiers could no longer charge each other across an open field  Both sides dug trenches in the ground for protection  Video Clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBLZjBaNrFw

11.  Trenches were elongated pits dug 6-8 ft. into the earth, and stretched out over hundreds of miles  Trenches were only wide enough to allow two men to pass side- by-side What are Trenches?

14.  Duck Boards lined the bottom of the trench  for men to stand on to avoid enemy fire  to raise men above the mud, rats, blood, and bodily waste that filled the bottom of the trench.  Parapets served as a rest for a gun  Parados protected the men from exploding shrapnel from behind the line. What are What are Trenches?

15. Trench Warfare - Diagram

16.  Barbed-wire was lined up in front of a trench to protect the men from attack. What are Trenches?

17.  Dugouts in the side of the trenches provided shelter for the men to live in, and protection from incoming artillery fire. What are Trenches?

18. The entrance to a “dugout”

19. Trench Warfare – Dugout

20.  The distance between opposing trenches was called “no-man’s land”. This distance could be as short as 30 meters, or as wide as 1 mile. What are Trenches?

22. Trench Warfare  On command, soldiers from a trench would charge across “no-man’s” land and attempt to overrun the opponents trench.  Once one of the sides overran an opposing trench, the defeated would either be captured, or they would retreat to another set of trenches miles away to renew the battle over a new “no-man’s” land.

23. A periscope would have been used to see the enemy, without putting a soldier in the direct line of fire.

24. Retrieving a dead soldier from “no-man’s land”

26. Trench Warfare  Weapons on the front included:  rifles, bayonets, spades, clubs, shotguns, helmets, and grenades  Armies would use larger items such as machine guns, mortars, artillery, gas, barbed-wire, aircraft, and mines