1. The Cell Cycle Content Notes and Overview

2. Background Understanding… DNA! What do we recall?? What type of macromolecule is DNA? What is the function of DNA?

3. DNA – Critical Molecule! 1.All cells in an organism have the same DNA! (skin, eye, muscle, etc.) 2.Stores genetic instructions for producing proteins. 3.Gene = segment of DNA that controls the production of a specific protein. 4.Found In the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells and cytoplasm of Prokaryotic cells.

4. DNA is arranged into Chromosomes DNA Condenses during Cell Division… DNA winds up into Chromatin Chromatin further condenses into Chromosomes

6. Chromatin Long strands of DNA that condense to form chromosomes.

7. Chromosome Highly condensed DNA that’s passed on from one generation of cells to another. Made up of two strands called chromatids.

8. Chromatid Strand of replicated (copied) chromosome. When two identical chromatids are connected they are called “sister chromatids.” Sister chromatids = connected by a centromere.

9. Why is DNA arranged this way?? DNA is a HUGE molecule! It is easier to separate and move around if it is in tight coils. –Analogy  Christmas Lights Christmas lights are super long. They are easier to hang up and store every year if you neatly wind them up.

11. Visual Learning! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kQpY dCnU14https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kQpY dCnU14

12. The Cell Cycle: How cells divide!

13. Big Ideas: 1.All cells need to divide and make more cells. 2.Cells come from pre-existing cells. 3.Non-Sex Cells divide using Mitosis (all general cells). 4.Sex-Cells (eggs and sperm) divide using Meiosis. 5.Controlled by enzymes 1.Check-points make sure the process is happening correctly!

14. The Cell Cycle: The process of growth and division in a cell. Constant  Cells are always in a stage of the cell cycle.

15. Why Do Cells Divide? Repair + Replace Reproduce Grow

16. The Steps in the Cell Cycle

17. Interphase: –G1 Phase = The Cell Grows + Makes Copies of Organelles –S Phase = The Cell Synthesizes/Copies DNA –G2 Phase = The Cell finishes growing

18. The Steps in the Cell Cycle Cell Division (M-Phase): –Mitosis  If it is a Non-Sex Cell –Meiosis  If it is a Sex Cell (gametes)

19. Mitosis 1.Cell division where two genetically identical daughter cells are formed 2.Both cells have same chromosomes (DNA) 3.Happens in phases

22. Prophase Phase 1 of mitosis Chromatin coils up into chromosomes (x- shape) Nuclear envelop break down Nucleolus disappears

23. Metaphase Phase 2 of mitosis Chromosomes line up in the center of cell Centromeres are attached to strings called spindle fibers

24. Anaphase Phase 3 of mitosis Centromeres split Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell

25. Telophase Phase 4 of mitosis New cells prepare to live on their own

26. Cytokinesis Happens after mitosis Cytoplasm divides and separates organelles into the two new daughter cells.

28. So…Why do cells need to divide so much?

30. Organization of Life 1.Cells make up tissues. 2.Tissues make up organs. 3.Organs make up organ systems. 4.Organ systems make up organisms.