1. American Independence and Revolutionary Period in Pictures and Portraits Joan Cartmill

2. Patrick Henry of Virginia “Government is dissolved [and] we are in a state of nature. The distinctions between Virginians, Pennsylvanians, and New Englanders are no more. I am not a Virginian, but an American.” October 1774

3. Important Events French and Indian War French and Indian War 1755-1763 1755-1763 Great Britain vs France in the colonies and Europe Great Britain vs France in the colonies and Europe Also known as The Seven Years War or the Great War for the Empire Also known as The Seven Years War or the Great War for the Empire Ended with the Treaty of Paris – 1763 Ended with the Treaty of Paris – 1763

4. War and debt Great Britain wanted the Colonies to share the cost of the war. Great Britain wanted the Colonies to share the cost of the war. 1764 The Revenue (Sugar Act) tax on molasses 1764 The Revenue (Sugar Act) tax on molasses Currency Act – colonial legislatures complained Currency Act – colonial legislatures complained Stamp Act – Colonists objected Stamp Act – Colonists objected 1765 – Riots 1765 – Riots

5. Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Townshend Duties Tax on paper, lead, painters’ colors and tea Tax on paper, lead, painters’ colors and tea Samuel Adams (cousin to John) encouraged colony to reject these taxes Samuel Adams (cousin to John) encouraged colony to reject these taxes

6. The British in Boston October 1, 1768 October 1, 1768 British Troops march into Boston British Troops march into Boston Quartered at Boston Commons Quartered at Boston Commons Purpose: To enforce taxes imposed by the Townshend Act Purpose: To enforce taxes imposed by the Townshend Act

7. BOSTON MASSACRE March 5, 1770 March 5, 1770 Colonists taught, tease and throw snowballs at Redcoats. Colonists taught, tease and throw snowballs at Redcoats. “FIRE!” “FIRE!” 5 dead – Crispus Attucks 5 dead – Crispus Attucks John Adams and Josiah Quincy successfully defend the soldiers at their trial. John Adams and Josiah Quincy successfully defend the soldiers at their trial.

8. Boston Massacre Crispus Attucks: Died in Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 John Adams defended British soldiers on murder charges. (Founding father and 2 nd President of US) Painting of the Boston Massacre

9. Tea Act Passed Colonists had been smuggling Dutch tea to avoid taxes Colonists had been smuggling Dutch tea to avoid taxes British imports in the colonies dropped from 500,000 lbs in 1768 to 650 lbs in 1772 British imports in the colonies dropped from 500,000 lbs in 1768 to 650 lbs in 1772 1773 – British Parliament passes Tea Act 1773 – British Parliament passes Tea Act Parliament allows India to import tea to the Colonies to fight Dutch imports Parliament allows India to import tea to the Colonies to fight Dutch imports

10. Boston Tea Party December 16, 1773 December 16, 1773 Band of 50 Bostonians boarded tea ships dressed as Indians Band of 50 Bostonians boarded tea ships dressed as Indians £ 10,000 worth of tea dumped into Boston Harbor £ 10,000 worth of tea dumped into Boston Harbor

11. British Parliament Reaction to Boston Tea Party Coercive Acts May 1774 (aka Intolerable Acts) Coercive Acts May 1774 (aka Intolerable Acts) Parliament ordered colonists to pay for the destroyed tea Parliament ordered colonists to pay for the destroyed tea Port of Boston is closed until the debt is paid Port of Boston is closed until the debt is paid British soldiers were immune from local trials British soldiers were immune from local trials Reformed Massachusetts government Reformed Massachusetts government

12. Continental Congress September 1774 September 1774 Philadelphia Philadelphia 55 delegates 55 delegates Every colony except Georgia is represented Every colony except Georgia is represented Declaration of Rights and resolves Declaration of Rights and resolves REPEAL Intolerable Acts by December 1 st ! REPEAL Intolerable Acts by December 1 st ! Consequence – Colonies would ban on imports and exports between Great Britain, Ireland and British W. Indies Consequence – Colonies would ban on imports and exports between Great Britain, Ireland and British W. Indies

13. Shot heard ‘round the world April 1775 April 1775 Lexington and Concord Lexington and Concord Minutemen Minutemen Paul Revere - “The British are coming!” Paul Revere - “The British are coming!”

14. Common Sense Thomas Paine Thomas Paine January 1776 January 1776 Pro-independence pamphlet that was published at a national level Pro-independence pamphlet that was published at a national level Widely read by Colonists Widely read by Colonists Thomas Paine

15. Declaration of Independence Commissioned in June 1776 Commissioned in June 1776 Committee included Committee included Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Ben Franklin Ben Franklin John Adams John Adams Based on previous works Based on previous works “When in the course of human events…” “When in the course of human events…” “All men are created equal…” “All men are created equal…” “Unalienable rights … life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.” “Unalienable rights … life, liberty, pursuit of happiness.”

16. Second Continental Congress & the Declaration of Independence Presented and read on June 28, 1776 Presented and read on June 28, 1776 Declaration was ordered to “lie on the table” until the next Monday – July 1 st. Declaration was ordered to “lie on the table” until the next Monday – July 1 st. July 2 nd – vote is taken. July 2 nd – vote is taken. 12 yes and 1 abstain (NY) 12 yes and 1 abstain (NY) Unanimous Unanimous July 4, 1776 – Document is printed July 4, 1776 – Document is printed 56 signers - August 2, 1776 56 signers - August 2, 1776

18. John Trumball’s Signing of the Declaration of Independence

19. Bibliography www.archives.gov www.Americanrevolution.com www.americanrevwar.homestead.com www.cr.nps.gov www.earlyamerica.com www.fatherryan.org www.law.umkc.edu www.loc.gov www.npg.si.edu www.pbs.org www.si.umich.edu www.teachpol.ncnj.edu www.ushistory.com www.ushistory.org

20. American Independence and Revolutionary Period in Pictures and Portraits Joan Cartmill