1. 08/07/2016Respiration W Richards Worthing High School Please note – the animation effects used in the “Circulation” slide only work in PowerPoint XP

2. The body changes food into a form which can be carried around the body. This substance is called GLUCOSE. What type of fuel is required by the body? When glucose reacts with oxygen a LOT of energy is produced. Some of this energy is released as heat while the rest is used by the cells. Glucose contains energy. The cells do NOT catch fire.

3. FOOD (GLUCOSE) OXYGEN + from digestive system from breathing system WATER CARBON DIOXIDE++ ENERGY USEFUL!waste product exhaled We can now write out the full equation for RESPIRATION. What is respiration? RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from food. This is NOT the same as breathing. Combustion is different because it is NOT a controlled reaction. Respiration IS a controlled reaction which SLOWLY releases energy from food in the CELLS.

4. Aerobic Respiration AEROBIC When the body can supply the cells with the oxygen and food that they need, We say it is performing AEROBIC respiration. The equation for this is: Glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxidewater Glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY Anaerobic Respiration When the body CANNOT supply the cells with the oxygen and food that they need, then the body must perform anaerobic respiration. The release of energy WITHOUT oxygen: Glucose Lactic acid Glucose Lactic acid + a little energy

5. 08/07/2016Respiration Words – breathing, energy, Mrs Gren, respiration, food A while ago we learnt about ___ ______. Each of these life processes needs ENERGY. ___________ is the process our bodies use to produce this energy: Glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY The glucose we need comes from ______ and the oxygen from _________. Water and carbon dioxide are breathed out. The MAIN product of this equation is _________.

6. The body separates the process of breathing in and breathing out. Breathing in is one process and is known as inhalation. When we inhale we breathe in air, taking oxygen with it into our lungs. Breathing out is a separate process and is known as exhalation. When we exhale we breathe out the contents of our lungs, pushing out waste gases like carbon dioxide How does oxygen get into our body?

7. Inhalation (When we breathe in we inhale)

8. Exhalation (When we breathe out we exhale)

9. Comparing inhaled and exhaled air What are the big differences between inhaled and exhaled air? How could you test for these? There is another difference…… …… water vapour. Inhaled Air Nitrogen (78%) Oxygen (20.71%) Carbon Dioxide (0.1%) Other Exhaled Air Nitrogen (75.5%) Oxygen (14.6%) Carbon Dioxide (4%) Other

10. 08/07/2016 The Respiratory System Ribs – to protect the chest Bronchioles Bronchi Trachea – has stiff rings of cartilage to prevent it collapsing Rib muscles – to raise and lower the ribs Lung Diaphragm – muscular sheet Alveoli (“air sacs”) – gas exchange takes place here

11. 08/07/2016 Gas exchange Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because… 1)They have a LARGE surface area 2)They have a good blood supply 3)They are moist

12. The Alveoli The outside of the alveoli is covered with tiny blood vessels. Oxygen makes its way into thousands of special air sacs collectively called the ALVEOLI.

13. The Alveolus One of these alveoli is called the ALVEOLUS. This is where the oxygen is transferred into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood. If all these alveoli flattened and spread out onto the floor, they would cover an area the size of a tennis court!

14. Not enough oxygen When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid soaks the muscle cells and prevents the muscle cell from doing its job. This causes fatigue and/or cramp. After the activity has been completed people pant and breathe heavily. This happens because oxygen is required to get rid of the build up of lactic acid.

15. The Heart The heart is made of very special muscle, CARDIAC muscle. It must keep beating all the time for the rest of a persons life! If you tried to do the same action repeatedly (like the heart) your muscles would get tired and, after a while, they would stop working. For example if you clench and unclench your hand continuously, it will get tired, and may even start to cramp.

16. The blood system This is the system which carries the dissolved food and oxygen around the body. This includes the heart and the lungs.

17. Blood cells provide oxygen and the plasma in the blood carries dissolved food to ALL the cells in the body.

18. Different types of activity What happens to the man’s pulse rate when running? The pulse is faster: Blood is pumped around the body faster. Oxygen and glucose reach muscle cells more quickly. Energy is used up faster. While sleeping Blood is pumped around the body more slowly. Oxygen and glucose reach body cells more slowly. Energy is used up at a slower rate.

19. 08/07/2016Circulation 1) Blood gets pumped from the heart to the lungs and picks up oxygen 2) The blood is then taken back to the heart… 3) The heart pumps the blood to the intestine (where oxygen and glucose are removed)… 4) … and to the rest of the body (where oxygen is removed) 5) After the oxygen and glucose have been removed for respiration the blood is sent back to the heart and starts again