2. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1760’s, but gradually spread to the United States after the War of 1812. During the Industrial Revolution, large scale manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work, and factory machines replaced hand tools

4. Inventor Eli Whitney invented a machine for cleaning cotton at a much faster rate in1793. Workers could now clean up to 50 pounds a day instead of the usual 1 pound. Cotton production rose from 200,000 bales in 1800 to 4 million in 1860.

6. The cotton gin increased the need for slaves. The Southern Economy will be connected to cotton.

8. Inventor Eli Whitney also created a way to speed up the production of rifles using a system of interchangeable parts that were exactly the same. Interchangeable parts sped up production, made repairs easy and allowed for the use of unskilled –low paid workers, led to mass production of goods.

9. In 1836 John Deere invented a lightweight plow with a steel edge. The steel plow made preparing the ground easier, thus more farmers moved to the Midwest. Steel Plow

10. Mechanical Reaper In 1834 Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper to cut and harvest grains, speeding up harvest time and increasing production

11. In 1813 in Massachusetts, Francis Cabot Lowell built a series of water and steam powered textile factories that used power looms.

12. The Lowell Mills in New England employed young single women and farm girls as workers, giving them new opportunities. As the production of textiles increased…prices fell lower prices = higher demand higher demand = more factories

20. Steamboat In 1807 Robert Fulton invented the steamboat, which allowed for boats to travel upstream to deliver goods at a faster rate.

21. Railroads Around 1830 the nation began to use steam powered trains for transportation In 1830 only 30 miles of track existed, by 1850 that number climbed to 9,000 miles of track, increasing trade.

22. A National Road was needed to connect cities and ship goods overland. In 1806 Congress approved funds for the National Road stretching from Cumberland MD to Vandalia IL time.

23. Telegraph In 1837 Samuel F.B. Morse invented a way to send pulses of electricity along a wire. With a telegraph, it took only seconds to communicate between cities.

24. In 1825, a 360 mile man-made canal connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River and New York City was completed.

28. Western Farmers could now send goods from the Great Lakes to New York City and beyond.

29. Erie Canal allowed manufactured goods to move West and farm products East

36. Free Enterprise System (Capitalism) – U.S. economic system where people make their own economic decisions, own property, create competition and make profits. Industrialization -- use of machines and factories to make goods Urbanization -- movement of people from farms to cities.