1. Colonies come of age Chapter 1 Section 4

2. Plantation Life ► South develops as rural communities, plantations are self-sufficient  Ship up river, don’t need public docks ► Grow primarily a single cash crop  MD, VA & NC grow tobacco  SC & GA grow rice, indigo ► Most of the South is small farms; plantation owners control most money & political institutions ► Plantation life requires slave labor

3. Plantation Houses

4. Slave Quarters

5. The Middle Passage ► From 1690-1750, the number of slave jumps from 13,000 to 200,000 ► Part of the triangular trade; West Indies, New England, West Africa ► African slaves traveled the middle passage  Voyage was difficult & cruel; 13% won’t make it ► Life is hard, some cope, some rebel

7. Commerce in the North ► Grinding wheat, lumber, fishing become big business; merchants gain the most & become powerful  Ports- Boston, Philadelphia (biggest), New York ► Trade expansion; begin sailing around Cape Horn to trade as far as CA w/ Spanish ► Cities attract immigrants; 463,000 in 1700’s  More ethnicities begin to arrive ► Farming in North; multiple crops, slavery unnecessary; but prejudice exists

8. The Enlightenment ► An intellectual movement inspired by the Renaissance  Looking at reason or rational thought about how the world works; scientific method  Moving away from the religious beliefs ► Spreads to colonies; Ben Franklin embraces ideas; truth through experiment (kite) ► Literacy is high, ideas spread quickly  Church gets questioned, as does political thoughts

9. The Great Awakening ► Puritans begin losing influence; wealthy desire new lifestyle, political influence declining ► Great Awakening a series of religious revivals trying to bring people back to the church ► Most influential is Jonathan Edwards; church is not enough, must feel God’s love & your own sinfulness

10. Effects ► Great Awakening lasts 20 yrs.; some come back to the church, others join Methodists & Baptists ► Both movements have people questioning authority; both stress an individual’s importance  Enlightenment- human reason; G.A.- de- emphasizing church authority ► Both will be backbones to the Revolution

11. Images Galileo’s drawing of the moon Revival meeting

12. French & Indian War ► French have peaceful relationship w/Native Americans; English have Iroquois as allies ► French possessions begin to encroach on British land; the Ohio River valley becomes disputed territory  French build fort in area; British send militia and war begins ► French lead the war at the beginning; Colonial major George Washington is defeated

13. War turns ► After so many defeats, new leaders are put in; tide of the war turns after victory in Quebec ► War ends in 1763, Great Britain claims all of Canada and land to the Mississippi River, it also takes Florida from Spain ► Spain takes west of MS River & New Orleans

15. Native Americans lose ► British won’t bargain & Native Americans begin launching attacks on forts ► British present Natives with blankets infested with smallpox during negotiations  Disease spreads quickly & wipes out many  Unable to continue the fight they sign a treaty ► Proclamation of 1763 says British won’t go past the Appalachians; doesn’t last long