1. The South People and Cotton

2. Cotton Kingdom By 1850, Deep South had more people GA, SC, AL, MS, LA, TX European mills wanted cotton Whitney’s cotton gin increased productivity More cotton = more slaves Upper South: Tobacco, hemp, wheat, veggies Deep South: Cotton, rice, sugarcane

3. Southern Industry Very few factories Would need to sell slaves to get machines Most of pop. was slaves, no $ to buy stuff Most cities located near rivers or coast Poor roads and few railroads North had cheaper transportation and could charge less for goods

4. Farmers Yeoman- white men owning 50-200 acre farms (1 acre =football field) Tenant farmers- rented land from owners Plantation owners- 1,000s of acres Plantation wives- ran the show while husband was gone, kept track of $ Overseer- plantation manager

5. Slave Life Marriages weren’t legal & families were separated Formed networks of relatives- extended families 1808- Slave import banned By 1860, most slaves were born in US

6. Slave Life Customs are important- work song/field holler http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C- zlSq4mWiE&feature=share&list=RD65ewGQiN 3SI&index=5 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C- zlSq4mWiE&feature=share&list=RD65ewGQiN 3SI&index=5 Many slaves followed African religions Others accepted Christianity and sang spirituals to communicate w/ each other Led to Rock and Roll

7. Slave Codes Black code or Negro Laws Aimed to prevent rebellion Couldn’t gather in large groups Needed a written pass to leave plantation Couldn’t learn to read or write (literacy) Nat Turner led revolt & terrified whites

8. Escaping Slavery Underground Railroad- network of “safe houses” owned by people opposed to slavery Harriet Tubman- African American leader, also women’s suffrage (vote) Frederick Douglass- African American leader Escape to North but severely punished if caught

9. Punishment

10. Southern Cities Mostly agricultural Baltimore, MD; New Orleans, LA; Charleston, SC; Richmond, VA on seaports or rivers Railroad cities: Atlanta, GA; Montgomery, AL; Chattanooga, TN African Amer. formed own communities Many thought education should be private Few schools, literacy was very low