1. Respiratory System Chapter 10

2. Function of respiratory system

3. Respiration is more than simply breathing... it’s a 4 step process breathing external respiration internal respiration cellular respiration

4. Structures of human respiratory system nasal cavity pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli associated bones & muscles (which ones?)

5. Human respiratory system

7. System zones conducting zone respiratory zone

9. The alveoli

11. Ventilation

12. What causes inhalation?

14. Ventilation both inspiration & expiration can be modified

15. Lung volumes & capacities

16. Lung capacities as diagnostic tool

17. Regulation of breathing Breathing is regulated by 2 neural pathways – central chemoreceptors – peripheral chemoreceptors – both types modify rate & depth of breathing

19. Effects of P CO2 & pH on ventilation

20. Negative feedback to maintain proper CO 2 levels

21. Effects of P O2 on ventilation

22. O 2 transport in the blood

23. Loading & unloading of Hb loading unloading

25. CO 2 transport in the blood Carried in 3 forms in the blood – dissolved CO 2 – as carbaminohemoglobin – as bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 - )

26. Acid-base balance of blood average pH of blood is 7.4 fall in pH below 7.35 rise in pH above 7.45

27. Malfunctioning respiratory system Asthma – constriction of airways due to muscle contraction or inflammation – reversible – caused by genetic & environmental factors – symptoms: coughing, wheezing, SOB, tight chest – tx: inhalers with smooth muscle relaxers &/or anti- inflammatories chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) – lung disease with persistent poor airflow due to breakdown of lung tissue – non-reversible – caused primarily by smoking – symptoms: persistent cough, SOB, sputum production – tx: stop smoking, bronchodilators, O 2 therapy, lung transplant