1. INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS Evaluation

2. Argument From Induction  Sample  Representative  What is generalized

3. Analogy Calculus  P has A, B, C (D)  Q has A, B, C (?) http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php

4. Analogy Example  We should not blame the media for deteriorating moral standards. Newspapers and TV are like weather reporters who report the facts. We do not blame weather reports for telling us that the weather is bad. http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php

5. Analogy Tests  Truth  Sample  Relevance  Differences

6. Analogy Example  Democracy does not work in a family. Parents should have the ultimate say because they are wiser and their children do not know what is best for themselves. Similarly the best form of government for a society is not a democractic one but one where the leaders are more like parents. http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/arg/analogy.php

7. Authority Calculus  P says A is B  P is ______  Therefore, A is B http://reasonresources.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/argument-from-authority-non-fallacious/

8. Authority Example  If violent art has a harmful psychological effect on people, then it should be censored. A study by Loeb and Wombat shows that violent art has little, if any psychological effect on people. Hence, there is no need to censor violent art to protect people from harm. http://reasonresources.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/argument-from-authority-non-fallacious/

9. Authority Tests  Expert  Impartial  Consensus  Cite  Weigh http://reasonresources.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/argument-from-authority-non-fallacious/

10. Authority Example  According to medical science, there is no life after death. Medical science is well established. It is clear there is no life after death. http://reasonresources.wordpress.com/2008/03/12/argument-from-authority-non-fallacious/

11. Causation Calculus  A causes B

12. Causation Tests  Truth  Strength  Together v. Because  Direction  Necessary - Sufficient

13. Causation Example  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJeC92a3z_s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJeC92a3z_s Stocks and Skirts