1. Human Development Psychology Mrs. Deming

2. Prenatal Development The development that takes place before birth The development that takes place before birth Process by which a single cell develops into a highly complex human being of over 800 billion cells Process by which a single cell develops into a highly complex human being of over 800 billion cells

3. Prenatal Development First month—heart has begun to develop 2 nd month— respiratory, digestive and nervous systems begun to develop 6 th month—chance of survival

4. Physical Development The growth of an individual’s body The growth of an individual’s body Two most common examples—height and weight Two most common examples—height and weight Greatest rate of growth in height in preschool—male and female Greatest rate of growth in height in preschool—male and female

5. Physical Development Girls grow faster in height than boys until age thirteen. Girls grow faster in height than boys until age thirteen. Early maturing male—more confidence, independence Early maturing male—more confidence, independence Early maturing females—leaders, self- confidence Early maturing females—leaders, self- confidence

6. Motor Development Development of control over the muscles Development of control over the muscles Related to good mental and physical health, making social contacts, and a person’s self- image Related to good mental and physical health, making social contacts, and a person’s self- image Motor development decreases after age 50. Motor development decreases after age 50.

7. Language Development The ability to communicate with one another The ability to communicate with one another Common features: Common features:  Vocabulary  Rules for the sound and arrangement of words

8. Language Development Stage 1: birth to 3 weeks—cries, coughs, gurgles Stage 2: 3 weeks to 5 months—cries vary in length and tone Stage 3: 5 months to 1 year—babble Stage 4: 1 year+-- language

9. Emotional Development The individual’s awareness and expression of an affective (emotional) experience The individual’s awareness and expression of an affective (emotional) experience Young children—open hostility Young children—open hostility Middle age—less hostile, socially unacceptable Middle age—less hostile, socially unacceptable Adult—grief, self-pity, boredom Adult—grief, self-pity, boredom

10. Social Development Learning to act and live in a society as a member of that society. Learning to act and live in a society as a member of that society. Social habits, customs, what is right and wrong, how to influence and get along with people Social habits, customs, what is right and wrong, how to influence and get along with people

11. Social Development Elementary—meeting new people, getting an education, being away from home Elementary—meeting new people, getting an education, being away from home Adolescence—strive for independence, increasing interest in members of opposite sex Adolescence—strive for independence, increasing interest in members of opposite sex Adulthood and old age—job, marriage, raising a family

12. Intellectual Development The development of an individual’s intellectual abilities The development of an individual’s intellectual abilities Jean Piaget—intellectual development can be divided into 4 different stages Jean Piaget—intellectual development can be divided into 4 different stages

13. Intellectual Development Sensory-motor period (birth to two years) Sensory-motor period (birth to two years) Use their senses and muscle movements to interact with environment Use their senses and muscle movements to interact with environment Develop a sense that objects still exist when hidden Develop a sense that objects still exist when hidden

14. Intellectual Development Preoperational Period (two to seven years) Use symbols Language No viewpoints other than their own Attribute human characteristics to objects—house is tired

15. Intellectual Development Concrete-operational period (7 to 11 years) Concrete-operational period (7 to 11 years) Think logically Think logically Realize that quantities remain the same Realize that quantities remain the same

16. Intellectual Development Formal-operational period (11 years +) Problem solving Abstract thinking

17. Moral Development Individual develops the knowledge of what is right and wrong Individual develops the knowledge of what is right and wrong Lawrence Kohlberg—six stages revolve around moral dilemmas Lawrence Kohlberg—six stages revolve around moral dilemmas

18. Moral Development Stage 1:Avoiding punishment Stage 1:Avoiding punishment Decide what is right or wrong by whether the behavior will be punished. Decide what is right or wrong by whether the behavior will be punished.

19. Moral Development Stage 2: moral judgments are made according to what behavior will benefit them, bring them rewards or cause someone to return a favor

20. Moral Development Stage 3: moral decisions based on what will please or help others and avoid their disapproval. Stage 3: moral decisions based on what will please or help others and avoid their disapproval.

21. Moral Development Stage 4: Respect for authority and one’s duty as a citizen Ex. Should not steal because stealing is against the law.

22. Moral Development Stage 5: moral decisions are based on the welfare of the community and the rights of others Ex. Prescription costs are kept down because people need them.

23. Moral Development Stage 6: People decide on the basis of their own principles of justice. Stage 6: People decide on the basis of their own principles of justice.