1. AEROBIC RESPIRATION Glycolysis

2. GLYCOLYSIS  First set of reactions involved in extracting energy from glucose  Occurs in the cytoplasm  Nearly all organisms from all branches of life undergo glycolysis in a nearly identical manner  Does not require oxygen

3. GLYCOLYSIS

4. GLYCOLYSIS OVERVIEW  Net rxn:  Glucose + 2ADP + 2P i + 2NAD +  2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH  NAD + /NADH : nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide  Energy carrier: carries 2 high energy electrons to the ETC  The 2 pyruvate still carriers 75% of the energy in the glucose

5. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 1  A phosphate group is added to glucose from ATP  Reaction type:  Phosphorylation  Kinase: an enzyme that phosphorylates something

6. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 2  Rearrangement of atoms to change glucose into fructose  Reaction type:  Isomerization  Mutase/Isomerase: an enzyme that rearranges bonds in a molecule

7. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 3  Rearrangement of atoms to change glucose into fructose  Reaction type:  Isomerization  Mutase/Isomerase: an enzyme that rearranges bonds in a molecule

8. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 4  Another phosphate is added  Reaction type:  Phosphorylation

9. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 5  Fructose is broken into 2 molecules  One of which is isomerized into the other  Reaction type:  Lysis  Aldolase: enzyme that creates an aldehyde/alcohol compound

10. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 6  A second phosphate group is added and 2e - and 2p + are removed  The 2e - and 1p + are added to NAD + to make NADH  Reaction type:  Redox  Dehydrogenase/oxidase: enzyme involved in a redox reaction

11. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 7  Phosphate group removed and added to ADP  Reaction type:  Substrate-level phosphorylation  A reaction in which ATP is generated by the direct transfer of a phosphate goup from the substrate to ADP

12. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 8  Phosphate group moved  Reaction type:  Isomerization

13. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 9  Redox reaction in which water is removed  Reaction type:  Redox

14. GLYCOLYSIS – STEP 10 Removing the last phosphate and adding it to ADP  Reaction type:  Substrate-level phosphorylation

15. GLYCOLYSIS