1. Resistencia a los insecticidas Vigilancia resistant susceptible t m

2. Talk Outline 2008-2009 activities – Evaluation Documents e.g. AMI ‘decision-making’ Strategy 2009 – IRS and LLIN

3. Background Entomological Surveillance – why? Assume :LLINs Vectors Illness To evaluate intervention – monitor illness To id operational limitations – monitor mosquitoes Time cases

4. LLINs and PYR-R Scaling up and Challenged - exisiting Nat. Program / GFAMT Support >1,000,000 LLINs in region by the end of the year’ -LLIN insecticide technology is pyrethroid- based -Pyrethroids are a widely used class of insectcides for agriculture -PYR - resistance is spreading

6. Background Entomological measurements –Many e.g. density, parity, infection rate insecticide resistance –For id of operational limitations Select priority indicators Measure the same way Share / compare results

7. Background Entomological measurements Priority Indicators 1 Vector Insecticide Susceptibility Longitudinal assessment –CDC bottle or WHO tube »Wild females captured or reared

8. Background To demonstrate efficacy – monitor mosquitoes Entomological measurements Priority Indicators 2 Duration of Effect Longitudinal assessment –Bioassay test - Cone test »Colonized susceptible females –Chemical test - Colorimetric test –Physical condition

9. Progress Bottle / Tube Evaluation Technology – Training, protocol Surveillance Strategy –Data base Plan

10. Pyrethroid Resistance Susceptible resistant Bottle treated with: pyrethroid only

11. Pyrethroid Resistance Esterase Mechanism Bottle treated with: pyrethroid + DEF (tributyl phosphorotrithioate ) Susceptible