1. The Move Toward Sectionalism

2. Industrialization in America ► Industrial Revolution: Great Britain 18 th c. ► U.S. turns away from international trade to focus on domestic industries ► France and Britain at war ► Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807

3. The War of 1812 ► Election 1808: James Madison (R) wins ► U.S. goes to war with Britain in 1812 ► Significant Events:  Andrew Jackson emerges as American hero  White House in D.C. is burned by British  Francis Scott Key writes “Star Spangled Banner” ► Forces Americans to develop industrially— New England 1 st

5. Industrialization in America ► 1793 Samuel Slater (British immigrant) establishes first textile factory in America (Rhode Island) ► “Father of American Industrial Revolution” ► By 1813, cloth industry becomes mechanized ► 1822 Lowell, Mass. Booming industrial center—mostly women workers

6. Lowell, Massachusetts Samuel Slater

7. Agriculture in the North ► Farmers in Northwest (OH,IN,IL,WI,MI) establish self-sufficient farms ► Corn did not require much labor—need for slaves diminished ► Late 1700’s slavery is dying out in North ► Northerners voice opposition to slavery ► 1804 almost all Northern states voluntarily abolish slavery

8. Cotton: “King of the South” ► 1793 Eli Whitney invention of cotton gin ► Cotton in great demand in North and Great Britain ► Cotton gin accelerates expansion of slavery

9. Before Cotton Gin: 1 worker cleans 1lb. of cotton a day After Cotton Gin: 1 worker cleans 50lbs. of cotton a day

11. Slavery becomes the “Staple of the South”

12. The American System ► North & South different economies—need a plan to unify nation ► Madison presents plan to Congress—unite different regions of country ► Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun support plan call it the American System

13. What was it? 1. Establishing a protective tariff 2. Resurrecting the national bank (established during Washington’s administration and reduced under Jefferson) 3. Sponsored the development of the transportation systems as well as other internal improvements.

14. Benefits of the American System ► Clay believed it would unite the nation’s economic interests ► North would produce manufactured goods that South would buy ► South and West would raise grain, meat, and cotton needed in North ► Nationally accepted currency ► Economically independent from Europe

15. Tariffs and the National Bank ► Tariff of 1816—increase cost of foreign goods to pay for improved roads and canals ► Second Bank of U.S. creates currency to be accepted nationwide ► Northeast supports tariffs while South and West do not

16. Internal Improvements The Erie Canal “The Era of Good Feelings”

17. Internal Improvements ► Needed roads to communicate, travel, and transport goods to other regions ► 1811 National Road (Maryland to Illinois) ► Turnpikes (tolls) ► Erie Canal “Big Ditch”—363 miles long, connected Hudson R. to Great Lakes ► People happy with country “Era of Good Feelings”

18. The Monroe Doctrine ► James Monroe (R) becomes President in 1816 ► Spain, Portugal, and Russia pushing into U.S. to gain land ► 1823 Monroe warns Europeans not to interfere in Western Hemisphere (U.S., Canada, Mexico, South America) ► U.S. would not intervene in European wars

19. Monroe Doctrine: Statement of foreign policy, not a treaty or a law

20. The Missouri Compromise