1. Muscle Structure Muscle Contract- ion Neuro- muscular Junction Muscle Mechanics Muscle Energectics Muscle Perform- ance 100 200 300 400 500

2. The name for a single skeletal muscle cell

3. Muscle fiber

4. The collective name for the collagen fibers that wrap around each skeletal muscle fiber

5. Endomysium

6. This molecule makes up the thick filaments

7. Myosin

8. The unit that stretches from Z line to Z line

9. Sarcomere

10. When viewed on an electron micrograph, these bands appear lighter than their surroundings

11. I band

12. The theory that describes muscle contraction is called this

13. Sliding Filament Theory

14. These globular structures bond to the active sites on the actin molecule

15. Myosin Heads

16. These ions are needed to trigger troponin to move tropomyosin out of the way of the active sites

17. Calcium

18. To end a muscle contraction, ions are actively transported to this location

19. Terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

20. A build-up of calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum would lead to this event

21. Rigor Mortis (aka a sustained contraction)

22. A neuron and the muscle fibers it controls are called this

23. Motor unit

24. The neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction

25. Acetylcholine

26. Precise motor control is a function of the number of these

27. Number of muscle fibers controlled by a motor neuron

28. These ions cause an action potential to sweep across the sarcolemma, releasing calcium ions

29. Sodium ions

30. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase would cause this effect on muscle contraction

31. More acetylcholine; leading to more sodium ions; leading to more Calcium ions, leading to… muscle locked in contraction

32. A single stimulus- contraction-relaxation sequence is called this

33. A twitch

34. DAILY DOUBLE! Small, weak muscle fibers that have not been stimulated by a motor neuron on a regular basis are said to do this

35. Atrophy

36. A continuous state of contraction due to rapid- fire action potentials

37. Complete tetanus

38. The disease tetanus is caused by this

39. Bacterium: Clostridium botulinum, toxin which affects the CNS

40. Elastic forces, movements of opposing muscles and gravity all play a role in causing this to happen

41. Muscle elongation

42. This molecule provides the energy for muscle contraction by releasing a phosphate molecule

43. ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)

44. Resting muscle fibers transfer energy from ATP to this molecule

45. creatine

46. When aerobic respiration can’t happen fast enough, the muscle fiber provides some energy via glycolysis which produces this (painful) molecule

47. Lactic acid

48. The additional oxygen required during the recovery period to restore the normal pre-exertion levels is called this

49. The oxygen debt

50. High levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) indicate this has happened in the muscle (skeletal or cardiac)

51. Serious damage

52. The amount of time over which an individual can perform a particular activity is called this

53. Endurance

54. Skeletal muscle fibers that can contract in 0.01 second or less

55. Fast fibers

56. Slow muscle fibers contain this pigment that stores oxygen

57. Myoglobin

58. Most human muscles contain these types of skeletal muscle fibers

59. Fast and slow fibers

60. Champion body-builders usually have muscles that have undergone this process

61. Hypertrophy