3.  For centuries there were only two real classes in society: Nobles and peasants.  The Industrial revolution brought a third group into the mix; the middle class.  They ranged from the very wealthy to moderately well off. They tried to keep up with the lifestyles of those above them.

4.  Eventually the middle class would develop its own lifestyle and values.  There were acceptable ways to dress, interact with others, and function as a family.  Most middle class families were expected to have at least one servant as well.

5.  The home worked differently as well. Before, the wives would help their husbands run their business from the home.  It changed to women focused on running the home, and the husband went to work outside the home.

6.  The perfect woman kept a tidy home with respectful children and a peaceful place for her husband to come home to.  Magazines, books, songs, and church all supported those ideas and spread them throughout society.

7.  Middle class women become involved in and lead the movements for change in society. They recognized problems and worked to fix them.  The wanted to get rid of alcohol, end poverty, end child labor, and give women the right to vote.

8.  Education was viewed as the way to make better citizens, so there was a push to educate more children.  The increase in education required an increase in teachers, and teacher training became a priority in Europe and the United States.

9.  Colleges and universities also changed. They began teaching more subjects, and opened up their schools to women.

10.  Atomic theory was developed. John Dalton proved that every element was composed their own atoms.  Mendeleyev later arranged the periodic table based on the elements atomic weight.

11.  Charles Lyell came up with the theory that the earth was over 2 billion years old, and that life formed long after the earth formed, clashing with religious thought.  Darwin publishes his theory of evolution based on his travels aboard the H.M.S. Beagle.

12.  Life changed slowly over millions of years, through the process of natural selection. The weaker members die off, and the stronger members pass on their genes.  The plants and animals that were best suited to survive in their environments pushed out the weaker ones.

13.  Some people applied natural selection to society, to explain why some people are poor and some are rich.  They also used it to justify racism, that the stronger race conquers the weaker one. The white Europeans were meant to take over the world by nature.

14.  Even though science began to clash with religion, Christianity was still a huge portion of people’s lives.  The conditions of the Industrial Revolution pushed more people to turn to religion for comfort.

15.  Many of the reform movements begin with religious groups, and churches preach the need to take care of the less fortunate and the oppressed.

16.  Half page summary of the lecture.