1. Instrumentation Status Throughout the Accelerator Complex in 2008 - Operation’s Point of View B. Mikulec BE/OP Based on input of many colleagues from the CERN accelerator complex

2. Outline/Remark Included in this presentation: – LHC injector chain: Linac2, PSB, PS, SPS – ISOLDE, AD, CTF3 – Transfer lines if BI issues during 2008 run Not included: – LHC – Linac3, LEIR 04/03/20092ATOP days 2009

3. Linac2 BI equipment behaving as expected during 2008 run; no major issues. 04/03/20093ATOP days 2009

4. PSB 2008 operation quite smooth from instrumentation point of view, most disturbing equipment - apart from OASIS (see Rende’s talk) - FWS (ring 1). Transformers in Booster transfer lines: – Old readout electronics; integration time non-ppm (set to a compromise value; impossible to measure correctly all h1+h2 beams) – BT.TRAS connected to ISOLDE watchdog – Partly no spare parts available anymore – In 2008 run transformers showed often wrong values; had to be recalibrated frequently New TRIC electronics boards produced and installed in parallel to old system for BT.TRA112, BTM.TRA, BTP.TRA and all BTY.TRAs; no more separate analogue modules; automatic calibration per cycle At 2009 startup only available for BI tests; once commissioned will be available for operation During shutdown change to FESA version 2.10 and removal of GM-to-FESA adapter for transformers in BI line, PSB ring and Booster transfer lines (adapt VISTAR and new OPDisplay application) 04/03/20094ATOP days 2009

5. PSB Orbit pickups: – 1 PU per section (in total 16); multiplexer to change plane and ring – Old application program didn’t work correctly anymore  painful to analyse data for orbit correction at beginning of 2008 run During shutdown HW and SW modifications have been carried out to have both planes available at same time as well as putting the whole PSB machine in the layout database  will allow us to use YASP after commissioning tests in 2009 run Tomoscope: sampling channel 1 (ring 1) broke down later in the year; scope presently being repaired 04/03/2009ATOP days 20095

6. PSB BLM’s (ring and BT/BTP line): – Realised at end of run that the following BLMs (12 out of 58) have never shown value >0 throughout year: o Ring: S6, S7, I7, S9, I9, S10, I10, I13, I14 (not interlocked) o Transfer lines: BT.10, BTP.00, BTP.10 – OP and BI: control of all BLM connections during shutdown o Reconnection of disconnected BLMs, calibration with source, exchange of broken photomultipliers and bad cables… – Has to be verified from CCC beginning of 2009 run 04/03/2009ATOP days 20096

7. PSB – Fast Wire Scanners Essential for precise measurements of small-emittance beams (in particular LHCPROBE or other LHC-type beams) Since startup 2008 ring 1 was equipped with new electronics for the wire scanners – Control of these new electronics available for OP end of run – New electronics not calibrated (as agreed before startup) Evaluation campaign of the new electronics and new application started at the end of the run; great effort of BI crew (Ana, Jan, Bernd), OP and E. McCrory – Basic checks succeeded: o Acquire on correct user o Check distributions for IN/OUT movements o Centre position for both planes approx. stable o Can determine injection/extraction; timing stable 04/03/2009ATOP days 20097

8. PSB – FWS Timing – OP requirement: timing precision of 1 ms o No OASIS signal available (yet) as not implemented in design. o But: can use internal clock (max. 500 kHz) and as absolute reference the beam extraction. (Internal clock currently only implemented for IN movement). This method allows to check the timing reproducibility with very good accuracy  stability confirmed. APC 14/11/2008B. Mikulec8

9. PSB - FWS Reproducibility very nice (~factor 10 better than old system); distribution moves corresponding to MRP change 04/03/2009ATOP days 20099 10 m/s15 m/s20 m/s Center (hor. scan)15.213 ± 0.08415.654 ± 0.09516.513 ± 0.064 Sigma (hor. scan)3.840 ± 0.0253.918 ± 0.0233.776 ± 0.027 Center (vert. scan)7.464 ± 0.0368.125 ± 0.0168.674 ± 0.039 Sigma (vert. scan)2.722 ± 0.0102.708 ± 0.0142.690 ± 0.017 Comparison between FWS and SEMgrids in ML for same bunch: OK for vertical plane, investigate on hor. plane Hor. emittance (WS) Hor. emittance (SEMgrid) Vert. emittance (WS) Vert. emittance (SEMgrid) 10 m/s6.35.63.7 15 m/s5.25.73.93.7 20 m/s4.95.73.63.7

10. PSB – FWS As most tests passed successfully, decision was taken to move to new electronics, new FE software and new application for all PSB and PS wire scanners during shutdown. Commissioning! Work to be continued: – Filters boxes have been installed o Saturation: how can we avoid/detect saturation? Before profile was cut on top (saturation of ADC), now PM is saturated… – Connection to OASIS – Debug revolution frequency signal (use instead of internal fixed clock) – Calibration (done) – Work on application to implement a few improvements in accordance with the other users: mountain range plot, MTE fit, automatic scale, connection to logging database etc. – Out scan within the same cycle – … 04/03/2009ATOP days 200910

11. ISOLDE Installed instrumentation: HRS/GPS separators: – Faraday-Cups: transmission – SEMgrids:x-y position and profile before separators – Scanners:x-y position and profile after separators (some used to determine mass spectrum) – Fixed-needle scanner: x position and profile after second HRS separator magnet (was of great use in 2008 when scanner was out of order) – Tapestation: proton scans and target yields REX: – REX beam-diagnostic boxes containing: o Faraday-Cups: transmission and beam steering o MCP’s: x-y position and beam shape Thanks to E. Siesling! 04/03/200911ATOP days 2009

12. ISOLDE SEMgrids: x-y position and profile before separators; in certain locations quite important (e.g. injection into separators) – Working quite smoothly in 2008; new SEMgrid application since startup – During 2007 run communication losses; placing PLC’s outside the separator zone solved this problem. Other repairs were carried out this shutdown. 04/03/200912ATOP days 2009

13. ISOLDE Scanners: x-y position and profile after separators (some used to determine mass spectrum) Repair snapped wire GPS scanner Scanners are of great importance to perform a correct calibration of the mass separators as well as a correct beam transmission. During the 2008 run many went out of order perturbing considerably operation (often due to a snapped wire that moves the needle through the beam). Fragility of mechanics worrying in particular in highly irradiated areas. All broken scanners have been repaired this shutdown. Application and controls problems were solved earlier during the 07/08 shutdown. 04/03/200913ATOP days 2009

14. ISOLDE Tapestation: proton scans and target yields – The present tapestation is ageing. The ability to perform the proton scan on the target and measure the target yield is vital for each on-line run. The new fast tapestation has arrived in October. It has been installed at the LA2 line and will become operational during the 2009 run. – Will run in 2009 in parallel with both tapestations (cross-calibration). New fast tapestation Old tapestation 04/03/200914ATOP Days 2009

15. ISOLDE/REX REX beam-diagnostic boxes containing: – Faraday-Cups: transmission and beam steering – MCP’s: x-y position and beam shape in particular for low intensities REX Faraday-Cups and Micro Channel Plates are essential to perform any beam transmission through the REX low-energy part and Linac. The present control units for the beam diagnostic boxes will be replaced by a VME based system to meet CERN standards and to guarantee higher reliability. REX beam diagnostic box 04/03/200915ATOP days 2009

16. PS – CODD Since startup CODD not working during acceleration (saturation of PU sum signal); solved in June – Orbit correction (magnet displacement) done using data at 1.4 instead of 10 GeV/c – For 2 weeks CODD not available at all due to timing problem (problem reappearing throughout the year) 04/03/2009ATOP days 200916 Thanks to S. Gilardoni, R. Steerenberg! Thanks to S. Gilardoni, R. Steerenberg!

17. PS – CODD MRP computed from CODD not available for ~20 days: fundamental data for chromaticity and matrix measurements – MRP deduced from revolution frequency, but measurements delayed CODD triggering problems: – With 2 instances of same cycle in supercycle: o 2 nd acquisition correct, but not 1 st one; sometimes acquisition on wrong user o Many investigations, but source of problem not yet identified – If several applications open at same time, reservation can be confused  acquisition on different user o Expert acquisition to free reservation – Acquisition chosen at extraction sometimes triggers at injection 04/03/2009ATOP days 200917

18. PS – CODD Summary: very difficult situation in 2008, but many thanks to J. Belleman, S. Bart Pedersen and BI colleagues for huge effort; new tested system should become fully operational in 2009 CODD needed from 1 st day of 2009 run for – Orbit correction – ABS – Injection bump closure – Optimisation of transition – MRP measurement (chromaticity etc.) – YASP commissioning during startup o New application DODO (display of data’s orbit) 04/03/2009ATOP days 200918

19. PS – Tune Measurement Old tune measurement broke down on 2 nd September; BI put full effort into finalisation of new BBQ system (thanks to M. Gasior and BI colleagues) – BE/OP: include sampler acquisition for automatic measurement of non-linear chromaticity and matrices; specialist and normal operation application Commissioning showed following issues of BBQ: 1.Large fluctuations during tune ramp o Understood: chirp acts for successive measurements as damper and hence changing frequency spectrum 2.Precise moment of tune acquisition not clear o Chirp excitation during 2 ms – when is acquisition made?  to be studied in 2009 3.Measured tune not constant during long palier (no HW fluctuations) o Proposed explanation: LLRF loop errors not taken into account by RF clock of Q measurement 04/03/2009ATOP days 200919

20. PS – Tune Measurement Chirp acting as damper: peak in the FFT domain doubles due to oscillation interference between successive measurements  ambiguities, inaccuracies 04/03/2009ATOP days 200920 Flat bottom: measured tune should be constant during ~1400 ms, but increases from injection to ~250 ms, varying from cycle to cycle

21. PS – Fast Wire Scanners 2H + 2V FWS installed, 1V (BWS65) equipped with new electronics (see PSB FWS slides) – Very satisfactory results at end of 2008 run with new electronics and software in particular concerning measurement reproducibility; need to continue commissioning in 2009. Problems with old system: – Dsc blocked after few scans requiring reboots; problem present during entire run despite many BI SW interventions – Broken timing cable (system not available for more than a week) – Doubts about triggering time – B-field acquisition sometimes not correct (wrong normalisation of emittance) H54 broke down during run and no spare available for installation 04/03/2009ATOP days 200921

22. PS – Instrumentation Non-Availability 04/03/2009ATOP days 200922

23. AD MWPCs (multiwire proportional chambers): 16 installed; crucial for setting up/tuning of the ejection lines. – At low energies: beam passing through hor. wire plane distorted  falsifies measurement of vert. plane – Controls interface very slow (often wait for one AD cycle…); often prefer local control – Issues addressed in AD consolidation program, but solution and coverage not yet sorted out Shottky-based tune measurement: – Initial tests done, but HW commissioning needs to be finished – Need application program – BI promised to investigate other similar systems; maybe an already existing solution could be adapted for AD (HW and/or SW), but will not be for 2009… 04/03/2009ATOP days 200923 Thanks to T. Eriksson!

24. AD BIPMs (beam ionisation profile monitors): working towards continuous non-destructive monitoring of beam emittance evolution – Hopefully be operational after repairs during shutdown (MCP) – Controls for gas injection system still needs work MTVs in dogleg (AD injection line after target): since de- commissioning of TTL2 line (setup of dogleg done with protons) not very useful (not sensitive enough for low intensity pbar beam) – Can a solution be found to restore ability of efficient setting up/tuning of dogleg? Underlying problem: insufficient money in AD consolidation budget to fully cover necessary instrumentation renovation. 04/03/2009ATOP days 200924

25. CTF3 – Spectrometers / MTVs Spectrometers (for energy determination) work fine in operation MTVs widely used for quadrupole scans – Work very well in general, some software issues initially – Problem: crate overloaded when more than 1 camera ON per crate BI software section is aware of problem => hope this can be fixed – 2 screens in TL2 were missing in 2008 – => no Twiss measurement after CRM line – => TL2 line commissioning tedious and lengthy – We need them working this run! Is planned and should be OK. Spectrometer screen Straight line screen2009 CRM line TL2 line CLEX 04/03/200925ATOP days 2009 Thanks to F. Tecker!

26. CTF3 – BPMs / other BPMs are essential for daily operation and optics studies – Some calibration issues solved during last year => understood now, good optics study results – New BPM system based on radiation hard analog + digital front-end electronics installed in TL2 line and CLEX under the responsibility of collaborators from LAPP (Annecy) o No analog signals, signals in OASIS Viewer gave many problems o many problems had to be solved during commissioning (calibration, signal inversions, front-end hard- + software, …) o => made TL2 commissioning longer and difficult (together with MTVs) o frequent FESA front-end task crashes were remaining => will hopefully be solved by LAPP for the start-up Various other instrumentation used for more expert studies 04/03/200926ATOP days 2009

27. SPS Beam position monitors in TT10 and the ring: fundamental at startup for magnet realignment – Timing and calibration issues at startup: solved as every year o Timing/gate adjustment difficult in TT10 – Performance at limit for measurement of LHCPILOT, in particular when bunches are longer (ring) – Individual PU offsets since hardware modifications ~2001-2004 yield worse closed orbit measurement than in 2002 (critical in particular for magnet alignment in vertical plane) 04/03/2009ATOP days 200927 Thanks to E. Metral, K. Cornelis, J. Wenninger and R. Steinhagen! Thanks to E. Metral, K. Cornelis, J. Wenninger and R. Steinhagen!

28. SPS LHC BPMs: for bunch-by-bunch measurement of LHC 25ns beam – Crate drowned in mud on 11 th of April 2008 – Boards could be cleaned and surprisingly worked again – Instrument very useful to adjust the SPS injection kicker 04/03/2009ATOP days 200928

29. SPS Ionisation profile monitors (IPMs): very useful tool to analyse emittance growth – Succession of profiles in tens of ms intervals o data can be normalised during cycle  hint at resonances, instabilities etc. – Hardware problems (mainly camera; broken video channel) – Non-ppm: no measurement on low-intensity users when another high intensity user is in the same supercycle – No measurement possible in 2008 (low BI priority) – Work to be done: hardware modifications (new rad-hard camera); software needs continuation of testing phase o BI decided to delay the upgrade until the next shutdown. 04/03/2009ATOP days 200929

30. SPS Wire scanners: extremely important in particular for transverse emittance blow-up studies of LHC beams – 3 pairs (rotational; 6 m/s) installed high intensity measurements, 2 pairs (linear; 1 m/s) for low intensities – At 2008 startup BWS416 equipped with new electronics o After several problems (calibration; emittance value) and acquisition problems with the new server decision was taken to go back to old application (BWS416 MD in October for controlled breaking of wire) – Since ~June only old electronics and old application for all 2008 measurements o BSW519 for high intensity beams o BSW517 would have been the preferred wire scanner for low intensity beams (low dispersion), but unusable due to server problems  Forced to use second available one, BWS521 (but in high dispersion region)  Problem of BSW517 still under investigation. For 2009: BWS416 stays on new electronics; old and new frontend and application software in parallel. One-by-one change of all wire scanners to new electronics if possible. 04/03/2009ATOP days 200930

31. Conclusions Very good team work between the different groups essential for progress – this worked very well in 2008 PS operation suffered probably most of instrumentation problems Budget and manpower is the basis for consolidation and new developments 04/03/2009ATOP days 200931