Download presentation
1
Directional and Anatomical Location Terminology
2
Anatomical Position Anatomical position Body standing erect (upright)
Standard reference point Body standing erect (upright) Facing forward Arms at side Palms and toes directed forward
3
Reference Positions Fundamental position Relative angle
Similar to anatomical position Arms more relaxed Palms face inward Relative angle Included angle between two segments 3
4
Cardinal Planes Sagittal Left and right halves Mediolateral axis
Midsagittal plane Frontal (coronal) Front and back halves Anteroposterior axis Transverse (horizontal) Upper and lower halves Longitudinal axis Many other planes exist 4
5
Cranial Caudal Superior Inferior
6
Anterior: Posterior:
7
Ventral: Dorsal:
8
Superficial Deep
9
Medial: Lateral:
10
Distal: Proximal:
11
Ipsilateral – on the same side
Contralateral – on opposite sides
12
Flexion & Extension Flexion Extension Hyperflexion Hyperextension
Decreasing joint angle Extension Increasing joint angle Hyperflexion Flexion beyond normal range Hyperextension Extension beyond normal range 12
13
Abduction & Adduction Abduction Adduction Hyperabduction
Moving away from midline Adduction Moving toward midline Hyperabduction Abduction past 180° point Hyperadduction Adduction past 0° point 13
14
Movement Descriptors Circumduction: Movement in a conic fashion
Combination of flex, ext, abd, add, IR, ER
15
Movement Descriptors Inversion Eversion Lift medial edge of foot
Lift lateral edge of foot
16
Movement Descriptors Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion
Increase angle between foot and shank Dorsiflexion Decrease angle between foot and shank
17
Movement of the Scapulae
Elevation – raising the scapula (shrug) Depression – lowering the scapula
18
Movement of the Scapulae
Protraction – move scapulae apart Retraction – move scapulae together
19
Movement of the Scapulae
Upward rotation – bottom of scapula moves away from trunk Downward rotation – return to normal
20
Other Movement Descriptors
Horizontal adduction Combination of flexion and adduction Horizontal abduction Combination of extension and abduction
21
Other Movement Descriptors
Rotation Medial (internal) or lateral (external) Right/left for head and trunk Shoulder or hip 21
22
Other Movement Descriptors
Medial/Internal Rotation: rotation of the bone inward around the long axis of the bone
23
Other Movement Descriptors
Lateral/External Rotation: rotation of the bone outward around the long axis of the bone
24
Specialized Movement Descriptors
Lateral Flexion: Head or trunk only Example: head tilts sideways
25
Specialized Movement Descriptors
Supination – turn palms frontward Pronation – turn palms backward Radial flexion – hand toward thumb Ulnar flexion – hand toward little finger Opposition – Thumb to little finger
26
Movement Descriptors of the Foot
Plantarflexion Increase angle between foot and shank Dorsiflexion Decrease angle between foot and shank Inversion Lift medial edge of foot Eversion Lift lateral edge of foot 26
27
Pronation and Supination of the Foot
Pronation and supination of the feet are not the same as inversion and eversion Pronation of the foot Dorsiflexion at the ankle Eversion in the tarsals Abduction of the forefoot Supination of the foot Plantarflexion at the ankle Inversion in the tarsals Adduction of the forefoot 27
28
Specialized Movement Descriptors
Anterior Tilt Posterior Tilt Lateral Tilt
29
Degrees of Freedom Degree of freedom 1 degree of freedom
Number of planes in which a joint has the ability to move 1 degree of freedom Uniaxial Example: Elbow 2 degrees of freedom Biaxial Example: Wrist 3 degrees of freedom Triaxial Example: Shoulder 29
30
Planes, Directions and Positions
Planes of Movement Sagittal Frontal Transverse Directions and Positions Superior Inferior Posterior Anterior
31
Directions and Positions
Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Superficial Deep
32
Movements/Body - Spine and Thorax, Neck
Movements of the Body Spine and Thorax (vertebral column) Neck (cervical spine)
33
Movements/Body - Ribs/Thorax
Customize text here…
34
Movements/Body - Scapula
(scapulothoracic joint)
35
Movements/Body - Shoulder
(glenohumeral joint)
36
Movements/Body - Elbow and Forearm
(humeroulnar and humeroradial joints – elbow, proximal and distal radioulnar joints – forearm)
37
Movements/Body - Wrist
(radiocarpal joint)
38
Movements/Body - Thumb and Fingers
(first carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints) Fingers (metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints)
39
Movements/Body - Mandible and Pelvis
(temporomandibular joint) Pelvis
40
Movements/Body - Hip Hip (coxal joint)
41
Movements/Body - Knee Knee (tibiofemoral joint)
42
Movements/Body - Ankle, Foot and Toes
(talocrural, talotarsal, midtarsal, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)
43
Types of Joints Types of Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint Ellipsoid Joint
Saddle Joint Hinge Joint Gliding Joint Pivot Joint
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.