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Directional and Anatomical Location Terminology

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Presentation on theme: "Directional and Anatomical Location Terminology"— Presentation transcript:

1 Directional and Anatomical Location Terminology

2 Anatomical Position Anatomical position Body standing erect (upright)
Standard reference point Body standing erect (upright) Facing forward Arms at side Palms and toes directed forward

3 Reference Positions Fundamental position Relative angle
Similar to anatomical position Arms more relaxed Palms face inward Relative angle Included angle between two segments 3

4 Cardinal Planes Sagittal Left and right halves Mediolateral axis
Midsagittal plane Frontal (coronal) Front and back halves Anteroposterior axis Transverse (horizontal) Upper and lower halves Longitudinal axis Many other planes exist 4

5 Cranial Caudal Superior Inferior

6 Anterior: Posterior:

7 Ventral: Dorsal:

8 Superficial Deep

9 Medial: Lateral:

10 Distal: Proximal:

11 Ipsilateral – on the same side
Contralateral – on opposite sides

12 Flexion & Extension Flexion Extension Hyperflexion Hyperextension
Decreasing joint angle Extension Increasing joint angle Hyperflexion Flexion beyond normal range Hyperextension Extension beyond normal range 12

13 Abduction & Adduction Abduction Adduction Hyperabduction
Moving away from midline Adduction Moving toward midline Hyperabduction Abduction past 180° point Hyperadduction Adduction past 0° point 13

14 Movement Descriptors Circumduction: Movement in a conic fashion
Combination of flex, ext, abd, add, IR, ER

15 Movement Descriptors Inversion Eversion Lift medial edge of foot
Lift lateral edge of foot

16 Movement Descriptors Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion
Increase angle between foot and shank Dorsiflexion Decrease angle between foot and shank

17 Movement of the Scapulae
Elevation – raising the scapula (shrug) Depression – lowering the scapula

18 Movement of the Scapulae
Protraction – move scapulae apart Retraction – move scapulae together

19 Movement of the Scapulae
Upward rotation – bottom of scapula moves away from trunk Downward rotation – return to normal

20 Other Movement Descriptors
Horizontal adduction Combination of flexion and adduction Horizontal abduction Combination of extension and abduction

21 Other Movement Descriptors
Rotation Medial (internal) or lateral (external) Right/left for head and trunk Shoulder or hip 21

22 Other Movement Descriptors
Medial/Internal Rotation: rotation of the bone inward around the long axis of the bone

23 Other Movement Descriptors
Lateral/External Rotation: rotation of the bone outward around the long axis of the bone

24 Specialized Movement Descriptors
Lateral Flexion: Head or trunk only Example: head tilts sideways

25 Specialized Movement Descriptors
Supination – turn palms frontward Pronation – turn palms backward Radial flexion – hand toward thumb Ulnar flexion – hand toward little finger Opposition – Thumb to little finger

26 Movement Descriptors of the Foot
Plantarflexion Increase angle between foot and shank Dorsiflexion Decrease angle between foot and shank Inversion Lift medial edge of foot Eversion Lift lateral edge of foot 26

27 Pronation and Supination of the Foot
Pronation and supination of the feet are not the same as inversion and eversion Pronation of the foot Dorsiflexion at the ankle Eversion in the tarsals Abduction of the forefoot Supination of the foot Plantarflexion at the ankle Inversion in the tarsals Adduction of the forefoot 27

28 Specialized Movement Descriptors
Anterior Tilt Posterior Tilt Lateral Tilt

29 Degrees of Freedom Degree of freedom 1 degree of freedom
Number of planes in which a joint has the ability to move 1 degree of freedom Uniaxial Example: Elbow 2 degrees of freedom Biaxial Example: Wrist 3 degrees of freedom Triaxial Example: Shoulder 29

30 Planes, Directions and Positions
Planes of Movement Sagittal Frontal Transverse Directions and Positions Superior Inferior Posterior Anterior

31 Directions and Positions
Proximal Distal Medial Lateral Superficial Deep

32 Movements/Body - Spine and Thorax, Neck
Movements of the Body Spine and Thorax (vertebral column) Neck (cervical spine)

33 Movements/Body - Ribs/Thorax
Customize text here…

34 Movements/Body - Scapula
(scapulothoracic joint)

35 Movements/Body - Shoulder
(glenohumeral joint)

36 Movements/Body - Elbow and Forearm
(humeroulnar and humeroradial joints – elbow, proximal and distal radioulnar joints – forearm)

37 Movements/Body - Wrist
(radiocarpal joint)

38 Movements/Body - Thumb and Fingers
(first carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints) Fingers (metacarpophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints)

39 Movements/Body - Mandible and Pelvis
(temporomandibular joint) Pelvis

40 Movements/Body - Hip Hip (coxal joint)

41 Movements/Body - Knee Knee (tibiofemoral joint)

42 Movements/Body - Ankle, Foot and Toes
(talocrural, talotarsal, midtarsal, tarsometatarsal, metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)

43 Types of Joints Types of Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint Ellipsoid Joint
Saddle Joint Hinge Joint Gliding Joint Pivot Joint


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