1. New Estimation Method on Personal Magnetic Field Exposure for Epidemiological EMF Survey 2006. 11. 29 (Gyeongju, Korea) Kwangho Yang, Munno. Ju and Sungho Myung

2.  Summary  Objectives  Measured Participant Database  Optimization Methods  Results of Formulas Development  MF Exposure Calculation Programs  The Functions & Features of Formulas and Programs and Programs CONTENTS

3. Summary  1 st EMF National Project: 2001.1. ~ 2007.8.  1 st EMF National Project: 2001.1. ~ 2007.8.  To survey the status of personal MF exposure of Koreans in general living environments ⇨ Measured database construction general living environments ⇨ Measured database construction  Standard Exposure Model ⇨ Estimation model development  Development of formulas to estimate personal MF exposure  5 kinds, 18 formulas in 9 occupations  5 kinds, 18 formulas in 9 occupations  Be investigating 8 occupations produced high MF exposure

4. Objectives  To predict and characterize personal MF exposure of Koreans in living environments Koreans in living environments  To get personal MF exposure in ELF EMF epidemiology survey such as case-control study with short time and low survey such as case-control study with short time and low expenses expenses  To get scientific data for EMF public information against the Korean nations Korean nations

5. Measured Participant Database Procedure of survey on personal MF exposure Procedure of survey on personal MF exposure Downloading Data to PC Return Meter and Questionnaire Participants Wear Meter for more than 25 hours Supplying with MF Meter, Questionnaire, Instructions and Compensation($34) for the Participation Contact and Get the Consent of Participants Selection of Potential Participants

6. Survey status Survey status Kind Type of OccupationParticipants According to Occupations Office Workers 439 Factory Workers Housewives Without Job With Job Elementary School Students High School Students Warehouse Worker Hospital Worker Restaurant Worker Electric Railroad and Train Operator Under 17 Years of Age Infants and Preschool Children 350 Elementary School Students Junior High School Students High Exposure Occupation Electric Welders etc. 196 (2005~2006)

7. MF meter (Model EMDEX-Lite, Enertech, USA) MF meter (Model EMDEX-Lite, Enertech, USA)

8. Percentage of people with 24-hour average Percentage of people with 24-hour average MF above the given value MF above the given value

9. Optimization Methods Optimization Methods  Genetic Algorithm (GA)  Evolutionary Strategy (ES)  Evolutionary Programming (EP)  Genetic Programming (GP)  Culture Algorithm Evolutionary Computations Evolutionary Computations

10. Applications to Develop Formulas Applications to Develop Formulas  Types and characteristics of parameters  8 Parameters : Gender (G), Age (A), Occupation (O), House Type (H), House Size (HS), Radial Distance (RD), Power Line Voltage (KV) and RULE  Impact parameters to exposure : PC, electric blanket, the other appliances use or not and using time

11. Code table of main parameters Code table of main parameters Gender (G) Age (A) Occupation (O) House Type (H) House Size (HS) Radial Distance (RD) Power Line Voltage (KV) Male: 10 Female: 20 Actual Age 10~90 Apt.: 10 Etc.: 20 the square footage of the unit 0~30m: 10 31~50m: 20 51m or more: 30 Line Voltage Tuning parameters and general type of formula in GA Tuning parameters and general type of formula in GA  Tuning Parameter Evolutionary Computations No. of generation No. of population Crossover Probability Mutation probability Genetic Algorithm (GA) 2,000100 0.95 0.05 Genetic Programming (GP) 200,0001,000 0.8 0.08

12.  General type of prediction formula in GA

13. Examples of ‘RULE’ Examples of ‘RULE’  Rules are variables decided by electrical appliances usage such as PC and electric heat mat. Rules are introduced to enhance the prediction accuracy Time Span Rules 24 hr. Sleeping on an electric heat mat with EMF shield: ＋ 1.5 mG Sleeping on an electric heat mat with EMF shield: ＋ 1.5 mG Sleeping on an electric heat mat without EMF shield: ＋ 5.5 mG Sleeping on an electric heat mat without EMF shield: ＋ 5.5 mG Using PC with CRT: ＋ 0.4 mG/hr. Using PC with CRT: ＋ 0.4 mG/hr. PC cyber cafe: ＋ 0.4 mG/hr. PC cyber cafe: ＋ 0.4 mG/hr. Using electric heat mat on high level for 3-4 hours excluding Using electric heat mat on high level for 3-4 hours excluding sleeping time: ＋ 2 mG sleeping time: ＋ 2 mG Nightly storage electricity use at home: ＋ 1 mG Nightly storage electricity use at home: ＋ 1 mG

14. Results of Formulas Development Kinds of MF exposure prediction formula Kinds of MF exposure prediction formula  5 kinds, 16 formulas and 2 supplementary formulas KindsTypes Related Program 24-hr exposure prediction formula of Korean 1 KMAGEXPO Prediction formula during the period at work 1 Formula during the period in bedroom 1 Prediction formulas according to 9 occupations 9 Prediction formula for under 17 years of age 616MAGEXPO

15. Examples of Formulas Examples of Formulas  24-Hr. Formula (GP)  Occupation Formula (GP)

16. ※ Applicable conditions: A(1~7), KV(22.9~345)  Infants and Preschool Children Formula (GA)  Bedroom Formula (GA)

17. Example of DB tuning and verification trends Example of DB tuning and verification trends in 24hr. database in 24hr. database Tuning result: absolute error 0.37mG

18. Example of DB tuning and verification trends Example of DB tuning and verification trends in 24hr. database in 24hr. database Verification result: absolute error 0.30mG

19. Estimation Error Estimation Error  Target error value  Mean absolute estimation error below 0.3 ~ 0.4 mG ü Error MF Formula Type Infants & preschool children Elementary school children Junior high school student Supplementary formulas for elementary school & junior high school student Tuning percentage error (Tuning error/ average measurement value) 32.1 % (0.36/1.12 mG) 26.2 % (0.43/1.64 mG) 25.0 % (0.28/1.12 mG) 41.3 % (0.66/1.60 mG) Verification percentage error (Validation error/ average measurement value 29.6 % (0.37/1.25 mG) 22.8 % (0.45/1.97 mG) 27.9 % (0.29/1.04 mG) Elementary school & junior high school students 39.7 % (0.71/1.79 mG)

20. MF Exposure Calculation Program,16MAGEXPO ‘16MAGEXPO’ ‘16MAGEXPO’  Main Menu & Calculation Modules Calculation Modules

21.  Calculation Example

22. Example of output file about 24-hour Personal Example of output file about 24-hour Personal MF exposure MF exposure G AHS HRDKV k1k2k3MF [yard 2 ] [m] [kV] [hr] [mG] 20.00 11.0 142.3 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 20.00 11.0 142.3 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 10.00 13.0 142.3 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 10.00 13.0 142.3 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 10.00 8.00 87.00 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 10.00 8.00 87.00 20.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.33 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 30.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 10.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 10.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.82 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 30.01 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 30.01 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.93 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 345.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.93 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 1.00 1.00 0.00 3.66 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 1.00 1.00 0.00 3.66 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 2.00 1.00 0.00 7.66 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 2.00 1.00 0.00 7.66 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 1.00 0.00 4.16 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 1.00 0.00 4.16 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 1.00 1.00 4.56 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 1.00 1.00 4.56 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 0.00 1.00 3.56 10.00 8.00 261.0 10.00 20.00 22.90 3.00 0.00 1.00 3.56

23. The Functions & Features of MF Formulas and Programs Calculates personal MF exposure level based on personal traits Calculates personal MF exposure level based on personal traits such as gender, age and living environment conditions such as gender, age and living environment conditions Calculates personal MF exposure level by incorporating all MF Calculates personal MF exposure level by incorporating all MF sources commonly found in daily living environment sources commonly found in daily living environment Enhances the estimation accuracy by integrating daily usage pattern Enhances the estimation accuracy by integrating daily usage pattern of electrical appliances such as electric heat mat that generate high of electrical appliances such as electric heat mat that generate high magnetic field magnetic field

24. Prediction can be made as accurate as mean absolute error Prediction can be made as accurate as mean absolute error below 0.4mG. below 0.4mG. Personal traits, rules, and calculation results are stored and Personal traits, rules, and calculation results are stored and maintained as an output file maintained as an output file Calculation program will serve as a valuable tool in surveying Calculation program will serve as a valuable tool in surveying and evaluating ELF MF's epidemiological effects. and evaluating ELF MF's epidemiological effects. New 1 st approach since Wire Code method in 1979 New 1 st approach since Wire Code method in 1979 People who is exposed to high magnetic field are surveyed People who is exposed to high magnetic field are surveyed from 2005. from 2005.