1. PAA on Scientific Data and Information Roberta Balstad Chair, PAA Panel

2. 2 Outline Data and Information in Science—Then and Now Today’s Challenges The PAA on Scientific Data and Information Major Findings and Recommendations

3. 3 The Role of Data in Science—Then and Now Clinical Sciences Laboratory Sciences Observational Sciences Social Sciences Modeling and Simulations

4. 4 Access to Information in Science—Then and Now Publications: Editorial process and peer review Timing of publication Ownership/copyright Cost of publication Libraries: Preservation and circulation of records Costs and space

5. 5 The Part Played by Scientists in D&I—Then and Now Scientists’ role in data collection (e.g., they generally collected their own research data—and often built the necessary instruments to obtain data) Data ownership (e.g., data belonged to the scientist who collected them)

6. 6 Causes of These Transformations Advances in computational power Increase in sensor capability and complexity New software for data collection and visualization Expansion of data and information storage, dissemination, and access over time and space New economic and legal basis for ownership of D&I New analytic methodologies (e.g., models, data mining, secondary analysis of data, including meta analysis)

7. 7 Today’s Challenges Scientists increasingly rely on data collected and managed by others Data collection, analysis, and management have become separate activities with differing professional requirements and training The cost of data collection, instrumentation, and management is is rising disproportionately to other research expenses

8. 8 More Challenges Access to D&I and ownership of D&I may be subject to costly commercial and legal restrictions The growing emphasis on interdisciplinary research requires more extensive metadata and interoperability of databases, hardware, and software The growth in analyses of change over time requires careful preservation of today’s databases for use by future generations of scientists

9. 9 Still More Challenges Who is ultimately responsible for the D&I on which science is based? Who pays??

10. 10 ICSU’s PAA on Scientific D&I International PAA Panel appointed by CSPR in 2003 Mandate of panel was: To propose strategic priorities for ICSU over next 5 to 10 years To review D&I capabilities in the ICSU family To advise national and international agencies Panel made over 50 recommendations related to D&I production, management, access and dissemination

11. 11 Members of the PAA Panel Roberta Balstad, chair Jean BonninRay Harris Marc H. BrodskyAndrew M. Kaniki Liu ChuangVitaly Nechitailenko Carlos A. CorreaPierre L.-J. Ritchie Norihisa DoiT.B. Rajashekar

12. 12 Key Stakeholders/Audience for Report Scientific community Science funding bodies (national and international) Research and educational institutions Intergovernmental organizations Commercial data producers and publishers The media, decision makers, and policy makers

13. 13 Findings and Recommendations Data and information constitute a continuum ranging from raw data to published papers and data products, such as maps Scientists now have less control over data collection and management than when they collected their own data Professional data managers are needed to ensure that today’s scientific data are available for future generations

14. 14 More Findings and Recommendations ICSU should develop D&I strategies for periods of decades to centuries New financial models for current and future data and information management and preservation are needed There is insufficient communication and coordination in data and information activities across fields and countries Scientists must be involved in setting data and information policies, priorities, and practices

15. 15 Recommendation on D&I Access Consistent D&I access policies across nations can benefit both science and public policy Panel endorsed the ICSU Policy: Open access to data Universal and equitable access to publications

16. 16 Overarching Recommendations of the PAA ICSU should assume a leadership role internationally in identifying and addressing scientific data and information policy issues ICSU should develop a long-term, coordinated framework for D&I policies, practices, and infrastructure that will operate over decades to centuries ICSU should promote cross disciplinary and cross national collaboration and capacity building by holding an international Scientific Data and Information Forum (SciDIF) for data and information stakeholders

17. 17 SciDIF—and Beyond ICSU should establish an ad hoc committee to organize SciDIF and oversee the implementation of the institutional and policy recommendations of this report SciDIF should include all D&I stakeholders and should be a forum for discussions of broad issues and needs of current and future scientific research