1. Mine Gases

2. Normal Air Is: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Trace Gases 1%

3. Specific Gravity: Weight of gas compared to equal volume of normal air at same temp & pressure Normal air has specific gravity of 1 This determines where in mine atmospheres or confined space we will find concentrations of particular gases

4. Examples: Carbon Dioxide (1.529) floor to middle Hydrogen (0.0695) against back or roof Oxygen (1.105) evenly distributed Hydrogen Sulfide (1.2) floor to middle Carbon Monoxide (0.967) evenly distributed Sulfur Dioxide (2.264) floor

5. Gas Movement Gases can & do pool Gases tend to flow as fluids in quantity These effects can displace Oxygen

6. Ventilation Heavier gases are harder to ventilate than lighter gases Why? What are we ventilating with? Normal Air specific gravity of 1.0

7. Explosives Methane 5-15 % Carbon Monoxide12.5-75 % Hydrogen 4-74 % Hydrogen Sulfide.3-45 % Hazards of ventilating concentrations of any of these are: –Ignition sources –Moving irrespirable gas

8. The Law 19.5% minimum of Oxygen necessary in mines or confined spaces Anything less means ventilate Most digital Oxygen detectors are set to alarm at 19.5%

9. THE QUIZ!

10. Which has greatest Specific Gravity? A. Sulfur Dioxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen Dioxide

11. Which has greatest Specific Gravity? A. Sulfur Dioxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen Dioxide

12. Explosive range of Hydrogen? A. 5 - 15 % B. 12.5 - 75 % C. 4 - 45 % D. 4 - 74 %

13. Explosive range of Hydrogen? A. 5 - 15 % B. 12.5 - 75 % C. 4 - 45 % D. 4 - 74 %

14. Which gases are liberated from diesel equipment? A. Carbon Monoxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Hydrogen Sulfide D. All of the above

15. Which gases are liberated from diesel equipment? A. Carbon Monoxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Hydrogen Sulfide D. All of the above

16. Which has an acidic taste in high concentrations? A. Carbon Monoxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Hydrogen Sulfide D. Nitrogen Dioxide

17. Which has an acidic taste in high concentrations? A. Carbon Monoxide B. Carbon Dioxide C. Hydrogen Sulfide D. Nitrogen Dioxide

18. Which are explosive? A.Methane B.Oxygen C.Carbon Dioxide D.Nitrogen E.Carbon Monoxide F.Hydrogen Sulfide G.Hydrogen

19. Which are explosive? A.Methane B.Oxygen C.Carbon Dioxide D.Nitrogen E.Carbon Monoxide F.Hydrogen Sulfide G.Hydrogen

20. What gases & percent of each make up normal air?

21. Nitrogen78 % Oxygen21 % Trace gases 1 %

22. If you are concerned regarding air quality in any area of the mine… Make Sure Your life & the person who finds you depends on You If there are no gas detection instruments immediately available, Do Not Enter! Ventilate