1. Fighting shifted to the areas south of Massachusetts. The British wanted to capture New York City, the center of the Colonial economy August 27, 1776

2. British attacked Washington’s army on Long Island and inflicted heavy casualties Washington avoided capture and retreated into Pennsylvania.

3. The British will occupy New York City for the rest of the war Washington is humiliated by the loss

4. New York City in Flames (1776) Maps

5. Phase II: NJ & PA [1777-1778]

6. Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

7. Washington launched a surprise attack crossing the frozen Delaware River, entering Trenton, New Jersey. He captured over 800 Hessian prisoners without losing one man. December 25, 1776

8. Hessian was a German soldier hired by the British

9. January 1777, Washington captures another 300 British soldiers at Princeton New Jersey MapsMaps

10. Washington would go on to lose the Battles of Brandywine and Germantown…outside of Philadelphia…..the British will stay the winter occupying the city of Philadelphia

11. Saratoga Saratoga September 17, 1777

12. British General Burgoyne planned to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies. Daniel Morgan and the colonist had another idea.

13. American General Horatio Gates surrounded Burgoyne’s remaining forces at Saratoga New York. Burgoyne surrendered his entire army to the Americans MapsMaps

14. Saratoga was a turning point in the warBenjamin Franklin would help negotiate Treaty of Alliance with France and Spain

15. Germantown and Brandywine Two Battles fought while the British marched on Philadelphia.Two Battles fought while the British marched on Philadelphia. Washington again lost to the British, and Philadelphia fell to the English.Washington again lost to the British, and Philadelphia fell to the English. MapsMapsMaps

17. Washington and his men spent the long cold winter of 1777-1778 in Valley Forge Pennsylvania. The American troops were in desperate need of food and warm clothing

21. French volunteer Marquis de Lafayette used his own money to help and train the Continental Army Prussian Baron Von Steuben also taught them the essentials of military drills, tactics, and disciplines

22. Remember Saratoga? Since the French decided to join the war, the English worried about losing New York, Florida, and in the Caribbean.Since the French decided to join the war, the English worried about losing New York, Florida, and in the Caribbean. The English decide to abandon Philadelphia to protect New York.The English decide to abandon Philadelphia to protect New York. General Washington follows the British, and a few skirmishes ensue. The British are able to make it to New York. MapsGeneral Washington follows the British, and a few skirmishes ensue. The British are able to make it to New York. MapsMaps