1. Developing Scalable Design for Converting Biogas to Electricity Group 22 Sung Hoon Bae (BME) Daniel Rim (ChBE) Chris Zachara (ChBE) Advisor: Dr. David Owens Owen Graduate School of Management Bae, Rim, Zachara http://www.bme.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2009/group22/ BME 273: Oral Report #2http://www.bme.vanderbilt.edu/srdesign/2009/group22/

2. Outline Problem statement Objective Background: biogas, thermoelectric generation, and LED Materials Possible designs Current status Future work Importance

3. Problem Statement Bangladesh High population/high poverty rate Population: 162 Million – 7 th GDP (PPP): $1,500 per capita – 153 rd http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Bangladesh_(orthographic_projection).svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg

4. Problem Statement Only 30% electricity distribution (2002) 25% in urban and 10% in rural (2000) 79% of population in rural (1999) Government efforts 30% to 38% distribution from 2002-2008 Slow progression

5. Objective Generate electricity Household scale generator “Reasonable” retail price Sufficient output electricity LED light http://www.odec.ca/projects/2007/sidd7g2/Images/appelectricty.gif http://image09.webshots.com/9/2/10/75/112721075ZEGbyv_fs.jpg http://www.ct.gov/opapd/lib/opapd/newsletter-pics/dollar2520squeezed.jpg

6. Background: Biogas Anaerobic digestion or fermentation Biodegradable materials Biomass, manure, sewage, and etc. Composition Methane: 50-70% Dioxide: 30-40% Hydrogen: 5-10% Nitrogen: 1-2% Application Electricity and heating

7. Background: Why Biogas? Clean Fuel 80% less hydrocarbon and 60% less nitrogen oxides than diesel Negligible concentrated particles or dust Availability Organic material – virtually unlimited Animal waste, food waste, and etc. 65% labor force in agriculture in Bangladesh

8. Background: Thermoelectric Generation

9. Methods http://www.i-sis.org.uk/graphics/chinaBiogas.jpg Generator Electricity Biogas digester Control

10. Light-emitting diode (LED) 120V tungsten incandescent light bulb 60W: 850lm and 14.2lm/W 100W: 1700lm and 17.0lm/W 90% of power emitted as heat LED Long operating time: up to 50,000hours Current drive: ~20-30mA

11. Materials: TEG (TEC) Product Model:CP2,31,06,L1,W4.5 Laird Technology 30mm x 30mm x 4.6mm Q max = 29.3W (TH=25°C) I max = 14.0 A (TH=25°C) V max = 3.5V (TH=25°C) ΔT max = 67°C Price = 23.42$ ( http://www.mouser.com ) http://lairdtech.thomasnet.com/item/thermoelectric-modules-2/-series-peltier-solid-state-thermoelectric-coolers/pn-4059?&seo=110&bc=100|3001624|3001688|3001251

12. Materials: LED Product Model:LED5 40-50DG WH (TheLEDLight.com) Emitted Color: White Luminous Intensity = 6000mcd max at I A =20mA Beam Angle = 40-50 degrees Continuous forward current = 30mA Forward voltage = 3.0-3.2V Price = 6$/6LEDs http://www.theledlight.com/5mmwhleds.html

13. Materials: miscellaneous Heat sink Wires Resistors Others

14. Circuit Schematic R=10Ω Each resistor dissipates ~9mW Each diode dissipates ~120mW TEG generates 29.3W Theor TEG V ~ 3.5V

15. Summary of Current Status Design Brainstorming Research Materials High performance Low cost Long durability Consult Two ME professors

16. Future Work Finalize design Order parts by this week (Jan 25-29) Find a place to assemble and test the prototype

17. Importance Provide electricity in rural area with reasonable price for lighting May help with sanitization problem Increase activity time at night Can be distributed to other countries as well

18. References Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (.PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations.. Retrieved 2009-03-12. "Bangladesh"..... http://www.malmberg.se/module.asp?XModuleId=14085