1. Pharmacy orientation PPP211 Lec. 2 (Pharmacy Career)
By Dr. Ahmed Mohsen Hamdan
14th Sept 2014

2. Lecture topics Community pharmacy Industrial Pharmacy.
Clinical Pharmacy.
Academic Pharmacy.
Hospital Pharmacy.
Medical representative Pharmacist.
Pharmacist responsibilities.

3. Community Pharmacy
The majority of pharmacists all over the world will work in the community pharmacy.
The job of the community pharmacist is to:
Dispense prescriptions.
Help the public to make the decisions about (Over The Counter drugs) OTC for minor aliments.
Counsel patients on how to use their medications and their devices accurately.
Promote public health.

4. Community Pharmacy
Nowadays role extended to include helping patients to give up smoking, weight control, life style adjustment and measuring the blood pressure.
Most community pharmacist own their own business. So, business management education is essential in pharmacy (Law, marketing, accounting and pharmacy administration) beside the regular pharmacy syllabus.
Drawbacks: Long working hours with fee supporting staff.

5. Community Pharmacy
Nowadays also pharmacy provides cosmetics (tooth pasts, shampoo) and house hold items.

6. Community Pharmacy
Telepharmacy: it is a system that allows the pharmacist to follow up dispensing process at multiple locations.

7. Community Pharmacy
The pharmacy technician obtain the medication order from the nursing station of the physician, enters the order into a computer system and prepare the product for dispensing ( product selection, labeling and billing).
Then, the pharmacist performs the final check of the product and the whole process.
There is a video, image and audio links the original prescription for the dispensed drug.
There is a possibility of the patient to be counseled by the pharmacy through the video link integrated into the telepharmacy system.

8. Community Pharmacy

9. Industrial Pharmacy
Pharmaceutical companies produces chemicals, medications (prescription and non-prescription) and other health care products.
Industrial pharmacist is involved into research and product development (R&D), manufacturing, quality control, sales &marketing, regulatory affairs, planning and management departments.
Pharmacist working in R&D department is responsible for developing new drugs and new dosage forms for already existing products and solving problems emerged during manufacturing.
He must have high knowledge in Pharmaceutics.

10. Industrial Pharmacy

11. Industrial Pharmacy
Pharmacist working in manufacturing department is responsible for developing a cost saving and high efficient techniques. He is also responsible for the safety and health of workers.

12. Industrial Pharmacy
Pharmacist working in quality control (QC) department is responsible for analysis of drug in the pharmaceutical dosage form. He is also responsible for the drug analysis of raw materials and degradation products.

13. Hospital Pharmacy
Pharmacist working in hospital pharmacy interacts on a daily basis with all health care profession. He is responsible for calculating the intravenous dosage, dispensing drugs for in-patients and managing drug distribution in hospital.
He maintains records for each patient to fill the medication order.

14. Hospital Pharmacy
Some pharmacists working in hospital pharmacy are specialized in:
Nuclear pharmacy (radiopharmaceuticals)
Intravenous medications
Poisoning center
Infectious diseases

15. Clinical Pharmacy
Pharmacists working in clinical pharmacy are responsible for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), Drug Information Center (DIC) and patient counseling.
They should hold Pharm. D degree
They must develop pharmaceutical care planning for each patient.
They work as a resident pharmacist in the hospital dealing with patient and all health care professions.

16. Academic Pharmacy
Pharmacists working in academia are responsible for doing research for new active pharmaceutical ingredients, new drug formulae and novel drug delivery systems.
They should hold Master and Ph.D. degrees.
They must give teaching and researching activities in an organization following the ministry of higher education.

17. Medical representative Pharmacist
Pharmacists working as a medical representative are responsible for introducing the drug to the health care provider giving many information about the drug to them.
They should have high communication skills and persuasive ability.

18. Pharmacist responsibilities
Pharmacists must put the safety and the health of patients in the first of his responsibility.
Pharmacists must not participate or assist in drug distribution, dispensing or promotion of any drug with poor quality, does not meet the standards by law or has no therapeutic value for patients.
Pharmacist must update his knowledge for the professional judgment.
Pharmacist must respect the law and the ethics.
Pharmacist must look for the fair profit for his service avoiding extra profit from other sources.

19. Pharmacist responsibilities
Pharmacists must keep the confidential information records for his patient.
Pharmacists must not publish any false or misleading statements for the public.
Pharmacists must not dispense or deal with secret formulae.
Pharmacist must produce his effort to prevent the drug abuse.

20. Evolution of pharmacist’s role
During the 20th century, the pharmacy profession evolved four stages:
1- Traditional era:
Before 1940s, the pharmacist "Apothecary" role was to prepare and dispense drugs.
The main aspect of traditional profession was Pharmacognosy "medicinal function of natural products of animal, plant, and mineral sources and galenical pharmacy". This era was dominated by the formulation and dispersing of drugs from natural sources.
Galenical pharmacy??

21. Evolution of pharmacist’s role
2- Scientific era:
After World War II, scientific era was dominated by development of drugs and scientific testing of the effects of drugs on the body and mass production of synthetic drugs. The backbone of this era was Pharmacology "scientific study of drugs and their mechanism of action".
3- Clinical era:
1960s, in this era the pharmacist role was a combination between the traditional roles and a new role as dispenser of drug information.

22. Evolution of pharmacist’s role
4- Pharmaceutical-care era:
The American pharmaceutical association in 1996, the pharmaceutical care is a patient-centred, outcomes-oriented pharmacy practice the requires the pharmacist to work in concert with the patient and the patient’s other healthcare providers to promote health, to prevent disease, and to assess, monitor, initiate, and modify medication use to assure that drug therapy regimens are safe and effective.
The goal of pharmaceutical care is to optimize the patient’s health-related quality of life and achieve positive clinical outcomes, within economic expenditures.