1. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program 11 Essentials of Sociology Sociology 9 th Edition 9 th Edition Chapter 10: Gender and Age Chapter 10: Gender and Age

2. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. “Unequal Access to Power, Prestige, and Property on the Basis of Sex.” 22 What’s Gender Stratification?

3. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sex – refers to biological characteristics Gender – refers to social characteristics – ”Male and Female” Each culture has its own definitions of gender We inherit our sex and learn our gender 33 Sex and Gender

4. Inequalities of Gender and Age Gender Stratification How does gender stratification help explain why the opening vignette discusses the deplorable conditions of female prostitutes?  Why are women more likely to be sex workers than are men?  Image Copyright Villedieu Christophe, 2010  Used under license from Shutterstock.com

5. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture? Most sociologists believe that if biology was the compelling factor in human behavior males and females would act the same around the world Opening the Door to Biology:  A Medical Accident  The Vietnam Veterans Study 55

6. Inequalities of Gender and Age Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture? Think about the toys you see advertised for boys and girls.  Do you think little boys are more likely to choose toy guns while little girls are more likely to choose dolls because of “nature” or “nurture?”  Do you think that these patterns persist around the globe?

7. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.  Early On, Life was Short  Females Limited by Childbearing  Men Became Dominant as Hunters and Warriors  Weapons, Trade, and Knowledge gained from Contact with Others Gave Men Power  Ideology developed that women were less dominant than men 77 The Origins of Patriarchy

8. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gender Inequality in Global Perspective Every society sorts men and women into separate groups and gives them different access to property, power, and prestige. These divisions always favor men-as-a-group. Females are therefore classified as a minority group 88

9. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Feminism – the belief that biology is not destiny and that stratification according to gender is wrong 1 st Feminist movement – 1920s- Trying to win the right to vote for women 2 nd Feminist movement – 1960s- Trying to earn equal pay for women 3 rd Feminist movement-happening today-includes a greater focus on the plight of women in the Least Industrialized Nations 99 The Three Feminist Movements

10. Inequalities of Gender and Age The Rise of Feminism Do you consider yourself to be a feminist? Why or why not? Why do you think many American men and women are afraid to label themselves as “feminists?”

11. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gender Inequality in Education – Gender tracking is evident Gender Inequality in Health Care Gender Inequality in Politics Gender Inequality in the Work Place  The Pay Gap  The Glass Ceiling  The Glass Escalator  11 Gender Inequality in the U.S.

12. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Violence Against Women Forcible Rape-1 out of 1,000 U.S. girls and women between the ages of 12 and 50 is raped each year. Most victims know their attackers Date Rape-Many victims are college women and it is often not reported Murder-men are more likely than women to be killers Violence in the Home  12

13. Inequalities of Gender and Age Global Violence against Women There have recently been some so-called “honor killings” of young immigrant women in the United States. How do you think we could better educate families to avoid future tragedies? Honor Killing Female Circumcision

14. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Structural Barriers Coming Down Abandoning Stereotypes New Consciousness Change in Relationships  14 Glimpsing the Future With Hope

15. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Social Construction of Aging  Tiwi vs. Abkhasians  Every society treats the elderly in different ways Graying of America – the growing elderly population in the U.S. Life expectancy has increased with industrialization 7 million more elderly than teenagers today in the U.S. Ageism  15 Aging in The Global Perspective

16. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Ageism – Discrimination based on ones age The “meaning” of growing old has changed through the years In the U.S. the elderly used to be seen as an asset, today they are seen more as a liability Why has this occurred?  16 Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

17. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Disengagement Theory – There needs to be a smooth transition between those leaving their jobs and those entering the workplace Activity Theory – the more informal and formal activities the elderly engage in the more they find life fulfilling Continuity Theory – The more roles one continues to possess in retirement the more fulfilling life will be  17 Functionalist Perspective

18. Inequalities of Gender and Age Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. The conflict perspective looks at the rising costs of the elderly and how money is being taken away from other age cohorts Looks at how the Dependency Ratio is affecting Social Security  The ratio of workers paying into Social Security vs. those who are collecting Social Security  18 Conflict Perspective