1. Consequences of Industrialization

2. Big Questions 1. What were some of the social consequences of industrialization? 2. How do many workers respond to industrialization? 3. What political theories emerged in the industrial era and how do they differ from one another?

3. Social Consequences  Work  People (men, women and children)  Hours (14 hours a day 6 days a week)  Not on seasons but the almighty clock

4.  Urbanization  More food=more people  People filled the cities  Population in 1801—10.5 Million  Population in 1851—19 Million

5.  Middle Class  A group between the Rich and Poor  Bankers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, manufactures and other professionals  These employ more domestic labors  Enjoined parks, concerts and sent their kids to schools

6.  Conditions in Cities:  Unsafe buildings  Little light or ventilation  Open sewers (waste, dead animals, etc.)  Diseases ran rampant

7. What were some of the social consequences of industrialization? Answer in groups of 3 or 4.

8. Issues  Workers faced long hours  dirty and poorly lit environments  dangerous working conditions  Laid off (fired) with little warning

9. To combat these  Union- a voluntary association of workers  Collective Bargaining- All workers negotiating for better conditions

10. Workers’ Weapons  Pickets- signs and protesters draw media attention  Slow-down- lowers productivity  Strike- shuts down factory

11. Owners Weapons  Scabs- non union workers to keep factory running  Picket breakers- thugs and police to stop picket lines  Lock-out- shuts down workers’ place of Employment

12. How do many workers respond to industrialization? Answer in groups of 3 or 4.

13. Three Political Theories  Liberalism  Middle class  Freedom of speech and to pursue economic interests  Equal treatment under law  Wanted represented but only for those with property

14.  Utilitarianism  Worried about poor  Everything should be judged by its usefulness “the greatest happiness of the greatest people”  Limited Government, support education, democracy for all (men and women).

15.  Socialism  Unlike liberals, believed that individual interests must give way to interests of society as a whole.  Political equality useless with economic equality  The State should own everything in the name of the people

16. What political theories emerged in the industrial era and how do they differ from one another? Explain which of the three groups would be the most concerned with the following issues: Property rights, government ownership of the railroads, equality for women, universal health care, search and seizure, tax breaks for the wealthy