1. Developments in Georgia from 1945 to 1970

2.  If you were tasked with recovering Atlanta’s economy after the Great Depression and WWII, what kind of changes would you make?

3.  Population shifts from rural to urban because:  Boll weevil destroyed crops  African-Americans left to northern cities  People wanted factory jobs in the cities  Advanced agricultural technology meant there were less farming jobs

4.  Major businesses move to Georgia after WWII  Became a hub for air and trucking industries as well  Rapid increase in technological and industrial development  Major League Sports comes to Atlanta- Ivan Allen, Jr.  Thousands of jobs  Millions of dollars to state’s economy  Helped Atlanta win the 1996 Olympics

5.  Goal: To make ATL the most economically successful city in the south  Known for:  Bringing air transportation to the state (Hartsfield Airport)  Longest serving mayor  Very supportive of civil rights  Coined the phrase: “Atlanta- the city too busy to hate”  His support for the Civil Rights Movement led to the relatively calm desegregation of ATL schools

6.  Mayor of Atlanta after Hartsfield  Continued Hartsfield’s aggressive development policies  Extremely supportive of the Civil Rights Movement and desegregation (worked closely with MLK, Jr.)  Started MARTA  Best known for bringing major league sports to ATL- built multiple stadiums, brought the Falcons

7.  After reading both articles and responding to the focus questions, answer the following question in one paragraph:  Who did more for the city of Atlanta- Hartsfield or Allen? Justify your response.

8.  In what ways was Ellis Arnall a progressive (forward-thinking) governor?  Why is the Three-Governor’s race embarrasing for Georgians?

9.  Governor who defeated Eugene Talmadge  Very supportive of civil rights:  Restored accreditation to universities  Abolished the poll tax  Lowered the voting age  Established a teacher’s retirement system

11.  Soldiers returning from WWII began to push for greater civil rights  Movement actually began in the 30s and 40s, as a response to the Jim Crow laws  Most governors were segregationists (racists)

12.  Son of Eugene Talmadge  Elected governor in 1948  Always opposed any civil rights measures: wanted Georgia to stay segregated  Elected to Senate after governor term was over  Always supported agriculture and industry in GA  Opponent of civil rights movement

13.  Leading advocate of Civil Rights Movement  Mentor to MLK, Jr.  Traveled to India to learn civil disobedience strategies from Gandhi  1940- Became President of Morehouse

14.  Incredibly embarrassing for GA  3 different men claimed to be governor at the same time (after Eugene Talmadge’s death while in office)  All three men in the running were strict segregationists, undoing many of the progressive policies put in place by Ellis Arnall  Herman Talmadge, Melvin Thompson, Ellis Arnall

15.  GA had been a one-party state (Democrats)  White primary: Only white people could vote in the primary election  Kept blacks from voting for a new candidate  This practice ended when several African- Americans sued the state and won their case

16.  Many people around the country sued their state to end segregation in public schools- segregation was made illegal  Represented decades of social and legal battles against institutionalized racism  GA Assembly opposed decision and said governor could close schools that desegregated  Reaction: many private schools were opened to keep segregation alive

17.  Have an introduction and conclusion  Vocab. is 8 th grade appropriate  YOU MUST USE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE from the background info given in class  This was a very important issue that inspired a lot of passion from people- you’re speech should reflect that…  Remember- you’re writing from the perspective of a NAACP lawyer (who presented the case in 1954 at the Supreme Court)  Minimum length- 1 page front and back

18.  The facts of the case  The argument the state would make  The historical context of the case

19.  What comes to mind when you see this flag?

20.  After Brown vs. BOE, white Georgians were encouraged to massively resist desegregation  1956 flag included the Confederate battle flag, used by the KKK and other hate groups  Stayed the state flag until 2003

21.  After Brown vs. BOE, legislatures supported massive resistance to desegregation  Governor Vandiver created the Sibley Commission to get voter input on matter  Should GA resist federal law or should they integrate?  60% of Georgians said they’d rather close schools than integrate  Vandiver and Sibley pushed for desegregation after UGA integrated

22.  What was the purpose of the Sibley Commission?  What was SNCC? How did they participate in the Civil Rights Movement?

23.  How did children get involved in the Civil Rights Movement? What affect did it have on the President?

24.  In 1959, Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter were rejected from UGA because of their race  They sued in federal court and won  When they went to school, a riot broke out in protest of their admittance- Hunter and Holmes were sent home  Court forced UGA to allow them back  They were reinstated and graduated

26.  Albany, GA  Movement was meant to challenge segregation laws, forcing police to uphold the law (that public spaces were now legally desegregated)  Hundreds arrested for protesting (using non- violence)  Black middle class Albany citizens did not support the protest and it failed initially  Once SNCC left, a black man was elected to Albany’s political office and the county made segregation illegal

27.  Finally! Legislation is passed that makes discrimination illegal- signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson 1. Civil Rights Act of 1964- forbade discrimination based on sex or race when hiring, firing, and promoting 2. Voting Rights Act of 1965- prohibits states from imposing any voting qualifications (so, no more literacy tests, poll taxes, etc.)

29.  First black mayor of a major southern city (ATL)  Provided more contract work for black –owned businesses  Expanded Hartsfield Airport  Added more black police officers  Worked closely with Andrew Young in bringing the Olympics to ATL

30.  Last obviously segregationist Governor in Georgia’s history (1966- he beat Ellis Arnall)  Former restaurant owner who closed rather than allow integration of races  Ran against William Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr. for mayor of Atlanta, but lost  Was Lieutenant Governor when Jimmy Carter was Governor

31.  Hugely active in Civil Rights Movement- close associate of MLK, Jr.  1972: Elected as GA’s first African-American congressman since Reconstruction era  1977: President Jimmy Carter appointed Young as a U.N. Ambassador  Elected Mayor of Atlanta in 1981  HUGELY influential in bringing the 1996 Olympics to Atlanta

32.  The Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) struck down which practice that had been in place since Reconstruction? A. the practice of requiring citizens to pass a literacy test in order to vote B. the practice of using state tax money to fund public schools C. the practice of "separate but equal" schools for black and white students D. the practice of integrating Georgia's public colleges and universities

33.  Andrew Jackson Young, Jr. has held many positions of influence both in Georgia and the world. Among his accomplishments, which has he NOT been  A. a congressman  B. Mayor of Atlanta  C. a civil rights leader  D. Governor of Georgia