2. Carbon footprints of individuals, organisations and communities Prof Douglas Crawford-Brown Director Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research

3. What do we require? Our task today: Quantifying the carbon footprint of an organisation at a level sufficient to allow identification of the most effective strategies of reduction

4. Three scopes of responsibility Scopes 1, 2 and 3 under the international Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 1 includes emissions “from sources that are owned or controlled by the institution, including: on-campus stationary combustion of fossil fuels; mobile combustion of fossil fuels by institution owned/controlled vehicles; and "fugitive" emissions. Fugitive emissions result from intentional or unintentional releases of GHGs, including the leakage of HFCs from refrigeration and air conditioning equipment as well as the release of CH4 from institution-owned farm animals.”

5. Continuing… Scope 2 includes “indirect emissions generated in the production of electricity consumed by the institution.” Scope 3 includes emissions as a “consequence of the activities of the institution, but occur from sources not owned or controlled by the institution, such as commuting, air travel for university activities, waste disposal; embodied emissions from extraction, production, and transportation of purchased goods; outsourced activities; contractor owned vehicles; and line loss from electricity transmission and distribution.”

6. Categories of emissions contributors to the carbon footprint tool Electricity (Scope 2, unless generated on-site) Natural gas (Scope 1) Other fuels on-site (Scope 1) Commuter (Scope 3) Fleet (Scope 1) Travel (Scope 3) Paper (Scope 3) Office Devices (Scope 3) Communication Devices (Scope 3) Waste (Scope 3)

7. Electricity use

8. Natural gas use

9. “Other fuels” use

10. Staff commuting

11. Fleet travel

12. Staff business travel

13. Paper use

14. Office devices

15. Communication devices

16. Waste to landfills