1. Why have ethnicities been transformed into nationalities?
Chapter 7: Ethnicity Key Issue #2

2. Nationality vs. ethnicity vs. race
Ethnicity – group with ancestry & cultural traditions
Cultural traditions = food, language, holidays, etc.
Ex. African American, Hispanic Americans, etc.
Race – physical characteristics used to identify groups
Ex. White, Black, Japanese, etc.
Nationality – group of people sharing a legal bond and allegiance to a country
Citizenship either through birth or immigration

3. Rise of Nationalities Nation-States
Ethnicities that govern themselves in a corresponding territory
Self-determination – ethnicities have the RIGHT to govern themselves
Ex. Denmark:
Most people who speak Danish live in Denmark
Cultural connection to current territory for over 1000 years
But…
Still have immigrant populations (i.e. Turks) and territories (i.e. Greenland)
Nationalism – loyalty and devotion to a nationality

4. German Nation-state 1924 – Unified German speaking country after WWI
1800 – Small ethnic nation-states
1924 – Unified German speaking country after WWI

5. German Nation-State Cont’d
1989 – after WWII before fall of Communism
2010 – after fall of Communism

6. Nationalism How do Americans show their nationalism?
How do other countries show their nationalism?
How does nationalism relate to allies & enemies?
When do you feel the MOST patriotic?
Are people more patriotic or less patriotic today?
Justify your answer!!!

7. Multinational States
Multiethnic states – more than one ethnicity in a country
Ex. US
Multinational states – two or more ethnic groups with histories of self-determination that agree to coexist
Ex. UK = England, Scotland, Wales, & Northern Ireland
British Isles = Great Britain & Lesser Britain (Ireland)
Great Britain = England, Scotland, & Wales
England = the lower part of Great Britain

8. Multinational States Ex. Former Soviet Union
15 major ethnic groups in one multinational state
When it broke up in the 1990’s it broke into 15 separate countries
15 new countries:
Three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia, & Lithuania
Fairly stable
Three European states: Belarus, Moldova, & Ukraine
Stable but many Moldovans want to reunite with Romania
Five Central Asian states: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan
Varying degrees of success
Three Caucasus states: Azerbaijan, Armenia, & Georgia
Found between the Caspian and Black Seas
Many ethnicities (page 222)
Russia
Chechnya one of the biggest obstacles

9. Revival of ethnic identity
Soviet Union put strong pressure to ignore ethnic identity in favor of nationalism
21st Century marks the reemergence of ethnic identities
Minority ethnicities still struggle in multinational states
When this unrest reaches its peak – civil war is possible
Ex.’s Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Israel