1. Synonyms &
Antonyms
Dr.Roba Al-Agha

2. A synonym is a word that means the same, or almost the same, as another word.
An antonym is a word that is the opposite meaning of another.
It comes from the Greek words “anti” for opposite and “onym” for name.

3. Medical term: “ Healthy” Synonyms : hearty ,active , athletic , strong , well , tough , firm , muscular , vigorous. Antonyms : diseased , sick , ill ,delicated , unhealthy , inactive , weak .

4. Medical term: “ Pain” Synonyms : ache , cramp , tenderness , spasm , tingle , throb ,hurt , trouble . Antonyms : ease , relief , peace , comfort .

5. Medical term: “ Faint” Synonyms : Black out , drop , keel over , collapse , become unconscious , swoon . Antonyms : rise , improve , win , strengthen , ascend .

6. Medical term: “ Analgesic” Synonyms : painkiller ( medicine to kill pain) , antiodontalgic , tranquilizer , sedative , pain reliever .

7. Categories of Antonyms There are three categories of antonyms:

8. 1) Graded antonyms
deal with levels of the meaning of the words, like if something is not “good”, is may still not be “bad.” There is a scale involved with some words, and besides good and bad there can be average, fair, excellent, terrible, poor, or satisfactory.
Examples include:
Big and small
Young and old

9. Clever and foolish Last and first Fast and slow Smart and dumb Risky and safe Bad and good Cool and hot Optimistic and pessimistic Simple and challenging

10. 2) Complementary antonyms :
have a relationship where there is no middle ground.
There are only two possibilities, either one or the other.
Examples include:
Dead and alive
Off and on
Absent and present
Sink or float

11. True or false
Pass and fail
Question and answer
Identical and different
Yes and no
Sharp and dull
Fantasy and reality
Natural or artificial

12. 3) Relational antonyms :
are sometimes considered a subcategory of complementary antonyms.
With these pairs, for there to be a relationship, both must exist.
Examples are:
Doctor and patient
Buy and sell
Predator and prey

13. Offense and defense
Teach and learn
Servant and master
Floor and ceiling

14. Adding a Prefix
Sometimes, an antonym can be easily made by adding a prefix.
Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix “un” are:
Likely and unlikely
Able and unable
Fortunate and unfortunate
Forgiving and unforgiving

15. By adding the prefix “non” you can make these pairs:
Entity and nonentity
Conformist and nonconformist
Payment and nonpayment

16. Lastly, adding the prefix “in” can make the following pairs :
Tolerant and intolerant
Visible and invisible