1. History 17C The American People, World War I to the Present 1

2. An Era of Limits 2

3. Betty Friedan leading march for ERA, 1970 Reemergence of Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) 3

4. 1972—Congress Passed ERA Ratification by states still necessary... 4

5. 1973—US Supreme Court Issued Roe v. Wade 5

6. Ruth Rosen: “The hidden injuries of sex” In 1970s, issues and grievances once seen as purely private and personal were increasingly subject to public discussion, activism, legislation, and policymaking 6

7. Susan Brownmiller 1975 Rape and other forms of sexual assault 7

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9. Domestic violence 1951 9

10. Domestic violence 10

11. Sexual harassment 11

12. 1980—EEOC listed sexual harassment as actionable grievance in the workplace Sexual harassment 12

13. An Era of Limits 13

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17. Themes In the second half of the 1970s, Americans found themselves in a new era of limits, in which energy resources were dwindling, the natural environment was being degraded, economic prosperity was threatened, the United States was unable to get its way abroad, and traditional institutions and values were losing their authority 17

18. Themes The rising tide of conservatism toward the end of the decade was an attempt to restore the old institutions, values, and sense of confidence 18

19. Gerald Ford, 1974-1977 19

20. Ford’s pardon of Nixon (September 1974) was deeply unpopular at the time 20

21. Spring 1975—North Vietnam launched offensive against South End of Vietnam War 21

22. April 1975—Saigon fell End of Vietnam War 22

23. October 1973—Egypt, Syria, and Israel fought a three-week war in the Sinai and the Golan Heights 23

24. Late 1973-early 1974—Oil producing Arab states embargoed oil shipments to West, causing major spike in gas prices and in general inflation rate 24

25. December 9, 1974 25

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28. Chevy Chase & Gerald Ford 28

29. In mid-1970s, Americans were deeply divided by busing issue 29

30. In mid-1970s, Americans were deeply divided by busing issue Anti-busing campaigns 30

31. Anti-Busing rally, Boston, 1975 One of bitterest busing battles occurred in Boston in 1974-1975—South Boston vs. Roxbury 31

32. 1976 Election—Jimmy Carter vs. Gerald Ford 32

33. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981 33

34. Carter’s Playboy Interview, 1976 34

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36. 1976 36

37. Carter’s Playboy Interview, 1976 37

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39. Carter often shunned compromise and failed to cultivate relationships in Congress; thus had limited success in getting programs enacted 39

40. A spectacularly unlucky president 40

41. ... and in some ways an accidental one 41

42. Events obscuring fundamental shift toward conservatism: George Wallace’s third-party candidacy in 1968 42

43. Events obscuring fundamental shift toward conservatism: George Wallace’s third-party candidacy in 1968 43

44. Nixon’s 1972 landslide—without Wallace running 44

45. Events obscuring fundamental shift toward conservatism: Watergate scandal 45

46. Howard Jarvis Issues on which Americans seemed to be turning right: Taxes 46

47. Issues on which Americans seemed to be turning right: Crime 47

48. Phyllis Schlafly and the attack on ERA Antifeminist backlash 48

49. A powerful anti-abortion movement emerged in mid-1970s 49

50. Henry Hyde 1976—Congress passed Hyde Amendment, which barred use of Medicare funds for abortions 50

51. Jerry Falwell Pat Robertson Growth of Evangelical Christian denominations 51

52. Iranian Revolution, 1978-1979 52

53. 1953—US orchestrated coup in Iran, ousting Mohammed Mossadeq and restoring Shah Reza Mohammed Pahlavi to power 53

54. 1953—US orchestrated coup in Iran, ousting Mohammed Mossadeq and restoring Shah Reza Mohammed Pahlavi to power Shah Reza Mohammed Pahlavi Mohammed Mossadeq 54

55. Shah became close ally of US 55

56. US support for Shah was especially strong under Nixon 56

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59. Summer-Fall 1978—Popular uprising erupted against Shah’s regime 59

60. January 1979—Shah fled country; Iranian regime collapsed Murdered officials of the Shah’s regime, early 1979 60

61. Early 1979— Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran and took over 61

62. Chaos in Iran caused disruption of oil shipments, leading to gas shortages in US 62

63. Chaos in Iran caused disruption of oil shipments, leading to gas shortages in US 63

64. Carter and nuclear energy 64

65. Carter and nuclear energy 65

66. Accident at Three Mile Island, PA, 1979 66

67. An amazing coincidence! 67

68. An amazing coincidence! 68

69. Carter’s “Malaise” Speech, 1979 69

70. Fall 1979—Carter allowed Shah to enter the United States 70

71. November 1979—Iranian students seized US embassy in Tehran and took hostages 71

72. November 1979—Iranian students seized US embassy in Tehran and took hostages 72

73. By spring 1980 Carter was under growing pressure to do something about hostage situation 73

74. By spring 1980 Carter was under growing pressure to do something about hostage situation 74

75. By spring 1980 Carter was under growing pressure to do something about hostage situation 75

76. April 1980—Carter sent mission to rescue hostages 76

77. ... effort failed disastrously 77

78. ... effort failed disastrously 78

79. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, December 1979 79

80. Fall 1980—Ronald Reagan ran against Carter 80

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82. November 1980—Ronald Reagan elected president 82

83. As lame duck, Carter worked tirelessly to secure release of hostages

84. Carter reached deal with Iran: in exchange for release of hostages, US would return $8 billion in frozen Iranian assets and pledge not to interfere in Iran’s internal affairs

85. Hostages released minutes after Ronald Reagan took oath of office 85

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