1. Which of the Germanic tribes would settle in Gaul and be the first to convert to Christianity?

2. M edium aevum -- Medieval or The Middle Ages 476 A.D. - Roman empire in Western Europe collapses. Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus surrenders to the German general Odovacar. The period from 500 – 1500 A.D. in Europe is known as the Middle Ages or Medieval period. The CLASSICAL Period ends with the fall of the Roman Empire in the West! The MEDIEVAL Period in Western European history now begins!

3. CH 13 Section 1, “Invasions Trigger Changes in Europe” Textbook p. 317 Effects of Germanic Invasions on Western Europe Disruption of Trade – businesses failed, money worthless, no available goods. Cities abandoned – no government officials or security; frightened people fled. Population shifts – move to rural areas to grow food / become self-sufficient. Decline of Learning – few are literate and classical Greek knowledge fades. Loss of Common language – different dialects and Romance languages develop

4. CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318 Read, “The Concept of Government Changes” p. 318 Loyalty to government and written laws that once unified Roman society now disappeared. Family ties and personal loyalties, rather than citizenship in a State, now bound Germanic peoples together in small communities. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. The Germanic stress on personal ties to local leaders made it impossible for one single ruler to establish orderly government for large territories.

5. CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318 Recognizing a Turning Point in History In the old Roman province of Gaul, a Germanic people called the Franks took power. The leader of the Franks, Clovis would convert to Christianity – creating the first alliance between one of the Germanic peoples and the Christian Pope in Rome. TEXTBOOK, p. 318: Read about the conversion of Clothilde, Clovis’ wife, and finally the baptism of Clovis and 3,000 of his Frankish warriors. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

6. CH 13 Section 1, “Germanic Kingdoms Unite” Textbook p. 318 Recognizing a Turning Point in History The leader of the Franks, Clovis would convert to Christianity – creating the first alliance between one of the Germanic peoples and the Christian Pope in Rome. TEXTBOOK, p. 318: Read about the conversion of Clothilde, Clovis’ wife, and finally the baptism of Clovis and 3,000 of his Frankish warriors. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. 1. What role did the Church play in helping Clovis conquer other Germanic peoples? After Clovis converted to Christianity, the Church gave its support to his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples – in order to convert them. The strategic alliance between Clovis’ Frankish Kingdom and the Church now marked the beginning of a special partnership between two powerful forces – the sacred and the secular; the religious and the political the Church and those Kings who bowed to it !

7. Kingdom of Franks PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. In 732, a Mayor of the Palace named Charles Martel (“the Hammer”) defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours. SPAIN (Caliphate of Cordova) 3. What was important about Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours? The victory stopped a Muslim invasion of Europe and prevented the Frankish kingdom from becoming part of the Muslim empire. It made Charles Martel a hero. Recognizing a Turning Point in History

8. KINGDOM OF FRANKS 3. What was important about Charles Martel’s victory at the Battle of Tours? The victory stopped a Muslim invasion of Europe and prevented the Frankish kingdom from becoming part of the Muslim empire. It made Charles Martel a hero. Recognizing a Turning Point in History SPAIN (Caliphate of Cordova) PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. ABBASID MUSLIM EMPIRE

9. SPAIN (Caliphate of Cordova) Kingdom of Franks Pepin the Short succeeded his father Charles Martel after he died as the new Mayor of the Palace. But Pepin the Short wanted to become king and, taking advantage of his father’s powerful fame, decided to make his move. In 751, Pepin deposed the last ruler of the Merovingian Dynasty and declared himself king of the Franks. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Clovis’s Descendants” Text p. 319 PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

10. 754 A.D. – Three years later the Pope in Rome, Steven II, was in need of military help to fight the Lombards who were invading his Italian lands. Pope Steven agreed to recognize Pepin as the new King of the Franks and his descendants as the new legitimate rulers. In return, Pepin agreed to invade Italy and rescue Rome from the Lombards. Pepin then became the first king to be officially “annointed” by a Pope. The Donation of Pepin: Pepin gave the Pope control of all the lands surrounding Rome, creating the Papal States. FRANKS LOMBARDS LOMBARD ITALY in the 8 th century PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

11. The Donation of Pepin: Pepin gave the Pope control of all the lands surrounding Rome, creating the Papal States. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Pepin and the Pope” Text p. 320 4. How did Pepin the Short strengthen the Frankish kingdom? He successfully fought off the Lombards, presented the Pope with the Papal States, and was anointed by the Pope as the new king of the Franks. This established an alliance between the Pope and the Frankish kings for some time to come. LOMBARD ITALY in the 8 th century PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

12. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule” Text p. 320 CARLOMAN CHARLES “Charlemagne” In 768, Pepin died, leaving the Kingdom of the Franks to his two sons. Kingdom of Franks PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

13. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule” Text p. 320 “Charlemagne was the most potent prince with the greatest skill and success in different countries during the 47 years of his reign. Great and powerful as was the realm of Franks that Karl [Charlemagne] received from his father Pepin,he nevertheless still splendidly enlarged it… in fact, he almost doubled it.” - Einhard, The Life of Charlemagne (810 A.D.) (Born deformed, Einhard was sent to Charlemagne’s Palace School at Aachen where, in spite of his ugliness, became one of the emperor’s most trusted advisors and was placed in charge of the construction of the Palace Cathedral. He also served his Emperor Charlemagne in tense negotiations for the exchange of Saxon hostages.) Left: Statue of Charlemagne today in Aachen, Germany (once Aix-la-Chapelle, France – Charlemagne’s capital). Right: The impressive empire created by Charlemagne – the largest in Europe since the fall of Rome. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

14. CH 13 Sec. 1, “Charlemagne Takes Center Stage” Text p. 320 In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to capture a mob that had attacked the Pope. In gratitude, on Christmas Day, 800 A.D. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor. Recognizing a Turning Point in History Significant that a Pope was claiming the “right” to confer the title “Roman Emperor” on a European king. 5. What was the significance of Charlemagne’s coronation as emperor? The crowning of Charlemagne as H.R.E. symbolized the joining of the Church with the Germanic Powers and the heritage of the old Roman Empire. It is also significant in that the Pope assumed the power to bestow such title and crown upon a political ruler. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.