1. Rosita the Riveter

2. Women shipyard workers

3. Women munitions workers

4. Working in a Burbank airplane factory, August 1945

5. Vega Aircraft plant

7. Elvira Esparza Worked at Solar Aircraft in San Diego from 1942 to 1946 as dispatcher, welder Single Had worked in fish canneries “I was just as good as they were.”

8. B-24 at Consolidated Aircraft

9. B24

10. Women Welders

11. Woman riveting airplane wing

12. Clementa Esparza Worked at Rohr Aircraft in San Diego as riveter and in electrical assembly 1942- 1945 Single, main breadwinner after her father died Quit school to support her family “I had to work. I didn’t have a Dad and we didn’t have enough money.”

13. Woman aircraft worker checking electrical assemblies for the Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank, California

14. Mary Luna Worked at Douglas Aircraft in El Segundo, CA as a riveter from1942-1952 Single, main breadwinner after graduating h.s. Found aircraft work very intimidating “We were off welfare. That was the main thing everybody was happy about.”

15. Woman machinist at Douglas Aircraft

16. Dora Miles and Dorothy Johnson at Douglas Aircraft Co. plant in Long Beach, CA.

17. Women workers are seen as they groom lines of transparent noses for the A-20J attack bombers at Douglas Aircraft's in Long Beach, Calif., in October 1942.

18. Rose Echeverria Mulligan Worked her senior year in 1944 working as an assembler at Avion Aircraft in L.A. Financial independence expected by age 18 “I knew I was not going to college. I felt like I had given up a dream.”

19. Inspecting propellers

20. Boeing B-17 completed

21. Washing a B-29 wing

22. Painting B-29 wing

23. B29

24. Spray painting landing gear

25. Lupe Purdy Worked as riveter at Douglas Aircraft in L.A., 1940-1942 Quit school at 15 to help support her family. Worked in garment industry. Married with children “I wanted to help my country.”

26. Women at Douglas aircraft plant working on fuselage.

27. Women riveter workers installing fixtures and assemblies to a tail fuselage section of a B-17 bomber at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Long Beach, California, October 1942

28. Boeing Renton plant in Washington during World War II

29. Bracero Program (1942-1964) Imported labor Shortage of workers? Dept. of Agriculture raises concerns Negotiations for guest worker program begin

34. “legalized slavery” Survival of program First Phase: 1942-1951 Guidelines

35. Prevailing wage U.S. gov. as labor contractor Exploitation

36. Farm Security Administration 1948 contracts 1951-Public Law 78 Ag work changes End of program-Dec. 31, 1964