1. ALPHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC NAME: BRICK MASONARY
GUIDED BY:
MISS NIDHI PATEL
PREPARED BY:
Kirit singh dodiya
Shashikant giri
NAYAK HETA
JAIN MEHUL

2. Brick Masonry

3. Defination
The construction of brick units bonded together with mortar is termed as BRICK MASONRY.

4. Types of Bricks
Traditional bricks

5. Modular bricks

6. Bricks are classified as per manufacturing as:
1 hand moulded 2 machine moulded

7. Bricks are classified as per quality and utility
1st Class(Grade A)
Water Absorption less than 20%.
Compressive strength not less than 10.5N/mm2.
Used for face worked structure.
2nd Class(Grade B)
Water absorption 20 to 22%.
Compressive strength not less than 7N/mm2.
Used for ordinary Structure.

8. 3rd Class (Grade C)
Bricks are slightly soft.
Used for temporary structures
Water Absorption 22 to 25%.
4th Class(Grade D)
Bricks are very hard.
Used as metal for concrete in foundation.
Bricks are overburnt.

9. Bonds in Brick masonry
Bonding is a process of arranging bricks in courses with mortar to tie them together in a mass of brick work.

10. The bonds in brick masonry can be classified as :-
Stretcher Bond

11. Header bond

12. English Bond

13. Garden Wall Bond
English Garden Wall bond
Flemish Garden wall Bond

14. Raking Bond
Herring bone bond
Diagonal Bond

15. BRICK MORTAR Mortar is a vital part of brick construction.
As bricks are made of clay, then fired in a furnace to remove the moisture and make them hard, they are impossible to make in exact, consistent size – but in modern day it is close.
In early times, mortar was used as a cushion to align the assembly process to maintain square and plumb in a structure. Additional strength in the mortar mix was not necessary because it was made of the same material as brick.
But since fired bricks are much stronger than the original sun-dried clay, the strength of mortar was improved to make stronger buildings.

16. With the development of natural cement for the manufacture of concrete, it became a natural matrix for masonry mortar.
Mortar is a mix much like concrete; which consists of stone aggregates held together by a matrix. In the case of concrete, that consists of a gradation of large rocks, smaller rocks, and still smaller particles (sand) – all mixed consistently and held together by a paste of cement and water, which hardens by a chemical process called hydration.
Masonry mortar is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, with the addition of lime to lend smoothness and workability to the mix.

17. Maintains the strength of the masonry wall
Mortar Functions
Maintains the strength of the masonry wall
Seals against moisture and vermin
Bonds the masonry units together
It should be a part of the
aesthetic value of a
building.
Provides for “full” bearing
MASONRY UNITS IRREGULAR
“CUSHIONS” FULL BEARING
Seals between masonry units
WATER
WIND
Adheres / bonds masonry units
STRUCTURAL BOND
Aesthetics
USUALLY 20% OF SURFACE
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
GENERALY
“MOCKUP”
ARCHITECT / OWNER APP’L
PRIOR TO THE START OF MASONRY

18. MAKING BRICKS
Early molding of bricks was done by shaping a mass of mud by hand.
Then individual single molds made of wood increased production and consistency of size.
Then multiple molds made of wood increased production even more.
Today, very sophisticated methods exist for shaping bricks by extruding clay through a steel form, then cutting to individual units.

19. Wood molds for making brick

20. The color of bricks up until approximately 20 years ago depended upon the color of clay, which was found in large deposits in the ground.
Constant use of brick as a veneer in residential and commercial construction as population grew, led to depletion of consistent color clay deposits.
Now, nearly all brick used in residential construction are made of any clay, but given their color by a slurry mix that is applied to the units before firing.
20th Century Developments
Steel Reinforced Masonry
GREATER SUPPORT / LESS WEIGHT
High Strength Mortars
GREATER STRENGTH
IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO THE ELEMENTS
High Strength Masonry Units
Variety of Sizes, Colors & Coatings
IMPROVED “ARCHITECTURAL” VARIETY

21. BRICK ARRANGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Common course pattern for structure and appearance:
Stretcher – Bricks laid flat end to end.
Soldier – Laid vertically so the outside long edge shows.
Rowlock - Laid so the end shows, vertically.
Header – Laid so the end shows, horizontally

22. Brickwork Terminology
Header - Bonds two wythes together
Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick
Rowlock -
laid on face,
end visible
REFER TO PAGE 269
Course
HORIZONTAL LAYER OF MASONRY UNITS
Head & Bed Joints
Wythe
VERTICAL LAYER OF UNITS - ONE UNIT THICK
Stretcher
FACE PARALLEL TO WALL
LONG DIMENSION HORIZONTAL
Header
LAID TO BOND TWO WYTHES TOGETHER
Soldier
LAID ON ITS END
USES- VISUAL EFFECT
Rowlock
LAID ON ITS FACE
END VISIBLE
USES - CAPS, SILLS
SLIDE
Stretcher - long dimension horizontal
& face parallel to the wall
Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel

23. Brick Masonry - Sizes and Shapes
There is a standard size
Normal coursing - 3 modular bricks = 8”
Larger sizes available
Custom shapes & colors are available
No “standard” size
SOME “COMMON” BRICK SIZES
“Normal” coursing - 3 bricks = 8”
MATCH CMU COURSING
Larger sizes
MORE ECONOMICAL TO LAY
HIGHER STRENGTH
BUT - CHANGE WALL APPEARANCE
Custom Shapes & Colors
AVAILABLE - BUT
LEAD TIME
COST

24. General Principles in Brick Masonry Construction
The bricks should of uniform size, shape and colour.
The bricks used in good work should be sound, hard and well burnt.
The brick work Should be carried out in proper bond, preferably in english bond.
The brick courses should be laid truly horizontal and should be truly vertical joints.