1. Early Adulthood ► Covers the period from age 20 through 40’s ► Stable period of growth ► Physical growth complete ► Muscular strength/coordination peak 20-30’s  Then slowly decline

2. Young adulthood Young adulthood ► is a time when most of us finish school, find a career we enjoy, and create a family of our own. ► Physically, it is a time where we are our healthiest and will reach our peak performance. ► Cognitively, it is a time to grow up and make life decisions. ► Socioemotionally, it is a time to take on roles of independence, lifestyles, marriage, and family.

3. ► The changes that occur from adolescence to young adulthood may be stressful at times, but between the ages of 20 and 40 we are at our prime physically, and our cognitive skills are becoming finalized. Sure, sometimes it seems like we're dealing with a million things all at once, and that one of any number of things could change the rest of our lives, but that's the best part about it! Young adulthood is when (most of us) decide exactly what it is that we want to do with the rest of our lives whether it's raise a family, start a career, or both.

4. ERIKSON’S PSYCHO-SOCIAL CRISES ?Ego integrity vs. despair65+ 25 yrs.Generativity vs. stagnation35-60 yrs. 15 yrs.Intimacy vs. isolation20-35 yrs. 6 yrs.Identity vs. role confusion12-18 yrs. 6 yrs.Industry vs. inferiority6-12 yrs. 3 yrs.Initiative vs. guilt3- 6 yrs. 1 ½ yrs.Autonomy vs. shame & doubt18 mo.- 3 yrs. 1 ½ yrs.Trust vs. mistrustTo 18 mo. DURATIONERIKSONIAN CRISISAGE Developmental periods increase in duration Individual differences increase as well

5. ERIKSON’S STAGES OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT ► 20-35 yrs. - Intimacy vs. isolation  The quest for intimacy – the ability to share one’s self with another person without being afraid of sacrificing one’s own identity.  Love and work – mate selection and career choice

6. STAGES OF ADULT LIFE EARLY ADULT TRANSITION (17-22) ► Move from pre-adulthood to adulthood  Graduation from school, move out of family home, go to work.  Independence from family. Financial and emotional autonomy.  College and military are transitional institutions – away from family but not total independence.  Make choices about how adult life will be lived ► Men have a “dream,” a vision of the future usually viewed in terms of career ► Men have a “mentor,” an older (8-15 years) role model – someone with experience and seniority in the world the young adult wishes to enter. ► Second important relationship – a woman who supports dream, makes man feel capable of obtaining it.

7. LEVENSON – STAGES OF ADULT LIFE ► Entering the adult world (22-28)  Explore and make commitments to adult roles – establish life style  Work leads to career choice  Intimate relationships lead to marriage, birth of children ► Age 30 transition (28-33)  Reappraisal of early adult commitments and change  Focus on adjustment and enrichment  “If I am to change my life, I’d better do it now.”  Sometimes crisis; divorce, occupational change common ► Settling down (33-40) – culminating life structure for early adulthood  Apprenticeship over – time to be a successful, competent adult  BOOM period – Becoming One’s Own Man – independence from mentor  Deeply absorbed in commitments to occupation, family, and activities  Desire to get ahead, realize youthful ambitions

8. ► An adult's life involves both (a) membership in the culture — jobs, class, family, society — and (b) how his/her values, aspirations, goals are being met or frustrated by participation in the world.

9. Transitions ► The more difficult transitions for most people appear to be (give or take two or three years): ► age 30 — when youthful dreams have had to come to grips with reality (sometimes more difficult for women)' ► age 40 — when each comes face to face with the fact that half of one's life is over (sometimes more difficult for men);

10. Male Deaths per 100,000 People Annual Rate of Violent Death of American Adults, Ages 20-29 Suicide Homicide Accidents Total 6 7 19 32 Female Deaths per 100,000 People 26 29 80 135

11. Behaviors That Affect Lifelong Health Low-fat, high-fiber diet Regular aerobic exercise Weight near realistic ideal level Health BehaviorsHealth-Compromising Behaviors Smoking Drug abuse Alcohol abuse Unsafe sex

12. Nutrition concerns ► Guard against osteoporosis: intake of calcium and vitamin D ► Low fat diet: limit saturated fats, low choesterol ► Limit or avoid excessive intake of sodium rich foods: hypertension ► Obesity: increase activity, lower calorie intake

13. Don’t use sunscreen71% Don’t eat fruits, vegetables59% Don’t see dentist regularly39% Don’t attempt to control stress35% Don’s always wear seat belt34% Are overweight29% No leisure physical activity29% Smoke cigarettes22% Less than 6 hours sleep per night20% 60 or more drinks per month 3% Don’t use sunscreen71% Don’t eat fruits, vegetables59% Don’t see dentist regularly39% Don’t attempt to control stress35% Don’s always wear seat belt34% Are overweight29% No leisure physical activity29% Smoke cigarettes22% Less than 6 hours sleep per night20% 60 or more drinks per month 3% Percentages of U.S. Adults Who Engage in Risky Behaviors

14. Stressors Life events to which we must adjust: marriage, parenthood, job changes, moves Trauma: War, floods, fire, rape Conflicts: Making difficult choices Occupational Pressures: Especially police and firefighters, air traffic controllers Social Isolation: Loss of friends and/or family Unhealthy Lifestyle: Poor nutrition, smoking, sedentary activity level, drugs, lack of hobbies or outlets Life events to which we must adjust: marriage, parenthood, job changes, moves Trauma: War, floods, fire, rape Conflicts: Making difficult choices Occupational Pressures: Especially police and firefighters, air traffic controllers Social Isolation: Loss of friends and/or family Unhealthy Lifestyle: Poor nutrition, smoking, sedentary activity level, drugs, lack of hobbies or outlets

15. All measures begin a gradual decline, about 1% per year Health is generally good. A healthy lifestyle is important. Stress contributes to illness. There is a high level of sexual responsiveness, but fertility problems can emerge. All measures begin a gradual decline, about 1% per year Health is generally good. A healthy lifestyle is important. Stress contributes to illness. There is a high level of sexual responsiveness, but fertility problems can emerge. Summary of Physical Development in Early Adulthood

16. ► Crises are predictable and growth-producing. ► Engaging change is scary, unsettling. Regression, accommodation, and integration of change usually characterize passage. ► For growth to occur, challenges need to be slightly greater than the individual's present coping skills so that he/she can stretch, yet not be overwhelmed and forced to retreat to safer ground.

17. Adult Alcohol Abuse ► In todays society, people do not consider alcohol to be a drug because it is used all over the world for social events and religious and cultural reasons. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, more than 14 million people in the United States abuse alcohol, which comes out to 1 in every 13 adults. It has been found that men tend to be more alcohol dependent than women. Studies show that younger nonblack men tend to abuse alcohol more than younger black men. The study also showed that alcohol abuse is higher in black women ages 30 to 44 years of age.

18. ► Adults may have a drinking problem if they regularly: ► 1. Drink to calm their nerves or reduce depression 2. Lose interest in food 3. Consume their drinks at a fast rate 4. Try to hide their drinking habits 5. Drink alone 6. Hurt someone or themself while under the influence 7. Got drunk three or four times in the past year 8. Need more alcohol to get "high" 9. Feel irritable when they aren't drinking 10. If they experience medical, social, or financial problems that were caused by drinking

19. ► Reproductive organs functioning at peak ► Yearly visits to the physician are recommended ► Cancer prevention is important ► Weight management is important ► Stress management

20. Summary Developmental milestones ► Choosing and establishing career ► Fulfilling sexual needs ► Establishing homes and families ► Expanding social circles ► Developing maturity