1. Perspectives on the Present 1945-Present

2. A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare Cold War

3. Superpowers United States  Encourage democracy  Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase European security  Rebuild European governments to promote stability Soviet Union  Encourage communism  Keep Germany divided to prevent it from waging war  Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders

4. Iron Curtain Barrier of Soviet controlled countries that separate the Soviet Union from the West

5. Containment: block soviet influence and stop expansion of communism Domino Theory: if one country falls to communism, the surrounding ones will as well Détente: Backing away from direct conflict with the Soviet Union (Starts: Nixon, Ends: Regan) U.S. Foreign Policy

6. The undoing of colonialism Decolonization

7.  Colonial borders increase ethnic and religious tension  Lack of national identity  Colonial economic policies create weak economies Problems with Decolonization

8. Partition India  To solve issues between Hindus and Muslims  Creates Pakistan and India Israel  To create a Jewish state from Palestine  Creates conflict immediately and is still unresolved

9. Global Interdependence Economics:  Service industries grow in developed nations  Free trade expands world markets  Environmental challenges continue

10. Global Interdependence Culture:  Mass media spreads many cultures  Popular culture becomes more international  Global interdependence awareness develops

11. Global Interdependence Science and Technology:  Space cooperation  Advanced communications  Inventions improve life and health

12. Global Interdependence Politics  Terrorism and weapons of mass destruction threaten security  Human rights improve worldwide  Immigrants change cultures