1. Bell-ringer What type of matter can not be separated or decomposed by ordinary chemical means? Elements What type of matter can be separated and has a uniform composition? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) What type of matter can be separated and does not have a uniform composition? Heterogeneous Mixture

2. Section 1-3 Elements Coach Kelsoe Chemistry Pages 16-20

3. Introduction to the Periodic Table Each small square of the periodic table shows the name of one element and the letter symbol for the element. The symbols of elements are represented by either one, two, or sometimes three letters. Some of the symbols make sense, like “H” for hydrogen and “Cl” for chlorine. Other symbols were used because of their older names, like “Cu” for copper.

4. Elements with symbols based on older names AntimonySbStibium CopperCuCuprum GoldAuAurum IronFeFerrum LeadPbPlumbum MercuryHgHydragyrum PotassiumKKalium SilverAgArgentum SodiumNaNatrium

5. The Periodic Table The vertical (up and down) columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. The groups are numbered from 1-18 going left to right. Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. The two major categories of elements are metals and nonmetals. There are also metalloids that fall between these categories.

6. The Periodic Table The horizontal (left to right) rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period, but those that are close to each other tend to be more similar than those farther apart. The two sets of elements placed below the periodic table are called the lanthanide and actinide series. They are at the bottom to keep the table from being too wide.

7. Bell-ringer Which element can be found in Family 13, Period 3? Which element can be found in Group 4, Period 4? Which element can be found in Group 17, Period 2? Which element can be found in Family 2, Period 7?

8. Bell-ringer Which element can be found in Family 15, Period 3? Which element can be found in Group 9, Period 5? Which element can be found in Group 11, Period 6? Which element can be found in Family 3, Period 1?

9. Metals Metals are elements that are a good conductor of heat and electricity. At room temperature, most metals are solids, but some, like mercury, can be liquids. Most metals are malleable (able to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets) and ductile (able to be drawn into a fine wire). Metals can be soft, hard, brittle, malleable, and ductile. They are usually silvery or grayish white, but gold is yellow and copper is reddish brown.

10. Metals There are four types of metals:  Alkali metals – Group 1 except for hydrogen  Alkaline earth metals – Group 2  Transition metals – Groups 3-12  Other metals – scattered between Groups 13-16

11. Nonmetals A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature. Examples are nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine. Bromine is a liquid. Carbon, phosphorus, selenium, sulfur, and iodine are solid nonmetals. There are fewer nonmetals than metals.

12. Nonmetals There are three types of nonmetals:  Halogens – Group 17  Noble Gases – Group 18  Other nonmetals – scattered between Groups 14- 16

13. Metalloids Metalloids are elements that have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. The metalloids can be found along the stair- step line in the periodic table. All metalloids are solids at room temperature. They tend to be semiconductors of electricity. Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium are the metalloids.

14. Noble Gases Noble gases are nonmetals, but they are set aside because they are generally unreactive. They are found in Group 18 of the periodic table. Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon, and Ununoctium are the noble gases.

15. Bell-ringer