1. Chapter 15 Government at Work: The Bureaucracy

2. Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy _______________ is and efficient and effective way to organize people to do work Many people see the word as having a negative connotation and see bureaucracies as being too __________ or ______________.

3. Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy Three Features of a Bureaucracy 1._______________: The organization is built like a pyramid with the chain of command running from top to bottom. 2._______________: Each bureaucrat has certain defined duties and responsibilities. 3._______________: There is an established set of guidelines and procedures.

4. Section 1: The Federal Bureaucracy The Executive Branch is composed of three broad groups of agencies. 1.* 2.* 3.* Without _______________ (the many agencies) even the best policies in the world would be meaningless. See page 417 in your book for a more detailed diagram.

5. Section 2: The Executive Office of the President Executive ___________ of the ____________ – This is a complex umbrella agency that includes several separate agencies staffed by most of the President’s closest advisors and assistants. Examples: – White House Office: – National Security Council: – Office of Homeland Security:

6. Section 2: The Executive Office of the President Other EOP Agencies: – Office of Management & Budget – Office of faith-Based & Community Initiatives – Office of National Drug Control Policy – Council of Economic Advisors

7. Section 3: The Executive Departments There are 15 __________ __________that are each headed by a member of the President’s Cabinet. The __________ is an informal advisory body brought together by the President to serve his needs. – It is not mentioned in the __________, and it was not created by Congress. It is the product of custom and usage. – The __________ appoints the head of each department, but his decision is subject to confirmation from the Senate.

8. Section 3: The Executive Departments The Departments (page 426) – State (1789) – Treasury (1789) – Defense (1789) – Justice (1870) – Interior (1849) – Agriculture (1889) – Commerce (1903) – Labor (1913) – Health & Human Services (1953) – Housing & Urban Development (1965) – Transportation (1967) – Energy (1977) – Education (1979) – Veterans Affairs (1988) – Homeland Security (2002)

9. Section 4: Independent Agencies There are also __________ __________ that exist outside of the cabinet departments. There are many reasons that agencies can be independent, but one of the main ones is to keep them free from the pressure of __________ ___________. Some independent agencies are __________ __________ which carry out certain business-like functions. __________ __________ __________ exist largely beyond presidential control.

10. Section 5: The Civil Service Civil Service is composed of employees who do the work of the Federal Government. 2.7 Million men and women work for the Federal Government all across the country. The “spoils system” or __________ is the historic practice of giving offices and other political favors to supporters and friends.

11. Section 5: The Civil Service The spoils system has been largely eliminated in the last century. Today most Federal employees are hired & promoted through a competitive process similar to private sector jobs.

12. Section 5: The Civil Service Hatch Act of 1939: –. Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993