1. Diversity – Eukarya – Kingdom Animalia Chapter 32-34

2. Key Characteristics – Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Nucleus and membrane bound organelles Multicellular Heterotrophic – Ingestion NO cell walls – collagen – structural protein Store carbs as glycogen Nervous tissue and muscle tissue – except sponges (porifera) Usually reproduce sexually w/ dominant diploid stage –Flagellated sperm

3. Animal Development Function –Zygote (unicellular)  multicellular –Differentiation of cells within the multicellular unit Tissues and organs and systems –Morphogenesis – animal taking shape

4. Cleavage Zygotic divisions  blastula Blastomeres – smaller cells from original fertlized egg Morula – cluster of cells after 5-7 divisions –Blastocoel – fluid formed cavity within the morula Blastula – formed around the blastocoel Cytoplasmic determinants will determine how these cells divide.

5. Cleavage Radial 90 degree divisions Direct alignment of cells Deuterostomes –Indeterminate cleavage –Cells can become anything at this stage (twins) Spiral Not 90 degree divisions Cells aligned at an angle Protostomes –Determinate cleavage –Cells fate is predetermined

7. Gastrulation Rearrangement of the blastula to form a 3 layered (germ layers) embryo with a gut Blastula cells begin to infold forming the gut (digestive system) –Vegetal pole –Invagination  forms archenteron (gut) –Blastopore  anus (deuterostomes) –Blastopore  mouth (protostomes)

9. Symmetry None – asymetrical –porifera Radial – parts radiate in equal directions from the center of the organism. Bilateral – left side and right side –Dorsal –Ventral –Anterior –Posterior

10. Tissues None – metazoans Porifera Eumetazoans – true tissues –Diploblastic – 2 germ layers Cnidarians –Triploplastic – 3 germ layers Ectoderm Endoderm Mesoderm

11. Body Cavities None – not triploblastic organisms –Porifera, Cniderians Acoelomate – lack a body cavity –Plattyhelmenthes Pseudocoelomate – fake body cavity –Rotifera, Nematoda Coelomate – body cavity lined with mesoderm –Protostomes - Annelida, Arthropoda, Molluska, –Deuterostomes - Echinodermata, and Chordata

13. Coelomate Organisms – Patterns of Development Protostomes Spiral determinate cleavage Blastopore  mouth –Mollusks –Annelids –Arthropods Deuterostomes Radial indeterminate cleavage Blastopore  anus –Echinodermata –Chordata

14. Embryonic Germ Layers Will form the tissues and organs of an adult triploblastic organism Ectoderm – outer layer Mesoderm – between ectoderm and endoderm Endoderm – inner layer (lines digestive tract)

15. Blastula Gastrula EctodermEndoderm NeuralationLining of digestive and respiratory tract Neural Tube Brain and Spinal Cord (CNS) Mesoderm NotochordSomites Vertebral DisksVertebraeSkeletal Muscle

16. Neural tube Notochord Archenteron Lateral fold Form extraembryonic membranes YOLK Yolk stalk Somite Coelom Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Yolk sac Eye Forebrain Heart Blood vessels Somites Neural tube

17. Embryonic Germ Layers  Organogenesis Ectoderm Skin - epidermis Brain and Spinal cord (CNS) Parts of eye and ear Tooth enamel Endoderm Mesoderm Skeletal system Muscle Dermis of skin Circulatory and lymphatic Systems Excretory system Reproductive system Inner digestive linings Inner Respiratory tract Liver Pancreas Bladder Thymus Thyroid and parathyroid