1. Chapter 15.4 Rx of Triglycerides

2. 1. Hydrogenation of Oils
Industrial process to convert liquid oils into solid fats
Chemical Rx that converts double (cis) bonds into single bonds
needs H2 gas, Ni catalyst , heat
Complete Hydrogenation
All double bonds become single bonds
Incomplete/Partial Hydrogenation
Some (cis) double bonds remain
Some (cis) double bonds convert to trans bonds: forming Trans Fats

3. Warm-up
Write a paragraph linking the following key-terms: Arteriosclerosis, CAD, plaque, heart attack, cholesterol

4. Why… Chemical process patented in the 1940’s
used to convert oil surpluses from soybean farming
into spreadable fats (margarines) to alleviate butter shortage

5. Problem…
Trans Fats cannot be digested and raise LDL (bad cholesterol ) levels in the body
Consumption of Trans Fats is correlated with a rise in CAD during
FDA prohibits use of Trans Fats/ requires labeling

6. Watch this
trans fats in our food

7. If it has partially hydrogenated fats it has Trans Fats!!!
No labelling required if it contains less than 0.5 g/serving
Problem: it adds up and no amount of transfats is considered safe!

9. Transfats in our diet

10. 2. Hydrolysis of Triglycerides
Breaking the ester bond: yielding FA and Glycerol
First step in the digestion of triglycerides in the body
Carried out by the enzyme lipase

11. 3. Saponification (sapon- soap)
Reacting triglycerides with a strong base
Yields glycerol and Fatty Acid Salts (soap)
Glycerol NaOH → Glycerol + 3 Sodium
tristearate stearate

12. What is a soap?
Soap is an aliphatic molecules that has a polar part (facing water molecules) and a non-polar part (facing greasy dirt)
Ancient soap making: Animal fats are heated with a base (potash in water KOH)
Fatty acids salts: Potassium paltmitate: K+ -OOC-(CH2)14-CH3
soap making

13. Olestra Undigestible Fat = no calories!
Composed of 6 to 8 long-chain Fatty Acids attached to sucrose rather than glycerol
“Fake Fat” goes straight through our system
GI problems are common 