1. Genetics: the study of heredity

2. I. Heredity-_____________________ Father of Genetics? _______________

3. A. Basic terms 1. trait-__________________ 2. allele-_________________ ex: eye color alleles= brown, blue II. Genetics Terms

4. Alleles are either dominant or recessive. 3. dominant-___________ ex: B, T 4. recessive-____________ ex: b, t

5. 5. phenotype-________________ ex: tall, short 6. genotype-_________________ ex: Dd, aa, RR

6. Genotypes are described as: 7. homozygous-(pure)-________ ex: BB, gg 8. heterozygous-(hybrid)-______ ex: Bb, Gg, Hh

7. B. Punnett square—used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring *Why does the Punnett square have 4 boxes in it? Each parent has 2 alleles for each trait. Do the MATH! 2X 24 2 parents X 2 alleles=4 possible combinations of alleles

8. 1. P generation means parents. 2. F1 generation means the offspring. F1 stands for first filial generation. 3. F2 is the offspring of the offspring. (like the grandchildren!) C. Generations

9. III.Gregor Mendel- A. Father of Genetics B. Monk who tended the garden C. Crossed pea plants (thousands) and carefully recorded data D. Work led to Laws of Heredity

10. E. Mendel’s Laws of Heredity: 1. Law of segregation- Only one version (allele) of a gene is passed on to each sex cell [instead of both alleles].

11. 2. Law of independent assortment- Different genes are passed on independently of one another [because chromosomes are randomly placed into each sex cell].

12. IV. Types of Crosses A. Monohybrid—predicts the inheritance of ONE trait Ex: eye color B. Dihybrid—predicts the inheritance of TWO traits together Ex: dark hair and brown eyes; dark hair and blue eyes

13. Dihybrid Cross

14. Practice Questions