1. Marília Maciel

2. Why ICANN?

3. Why a comparative approach? ICANN Global Regional org. org.

4. Global political scenario Plurality of agents Issues discussed Interweaving of internal and external agendas Policy and regulation outside the realm of the State Global impacts on local Request for more participation

5. Legitimization in EU Different types of legitimacy - Inside perspective a) Representative legitimacy b) Techno-bureaucratic legitimacy - Outisde perspective Democratic foundation Civil society plays an important role establishing legitimacy

6. Legitimization in intergovernmental organizations United Nations system Cooperation in economic, social and communication issues The role of civil socity in coferring legitimacy is indirect

7. A hybrid model IG ICANN Global Model Regional model

8. Competences of ICANN -Management of the Domain Name System (DNS) - Competition policy - Intellectual Property Policy -Freedom of expression -Privacy Source: DiploFoundation Internet Governance Capacity Building Program

9. ICANN´s global aptitude Regional org. Intergovernmental org. ICANN

10. ICANN Structure

11. Legitimacy: participation Intergovernmetal org. Regional org. ICANN

12. Decision-making process Consensual and bottom-up Principles: Openess, representation and participation

13. Openess representation Informative and participation mechanisms

14. Participation mechanisms Traditional Commitees In EU: European Economic and Social Commitee and Commitee of Regions In ICANN: At-Large Advisory Commitee

15. At-large structure

16. Participation mechanisms 1) Traditional Commitees 2) Remote participation mechanisms

17. Remote participation mechanisms in EU and ICANN Online Platform a) Discussion of policy and norms in question b) Debate forum

18. The idea that supports participation European Union ICANN Participation is a democratic concept A duble value of citizens´ inputs: a) Embody citizens´ involvement b) Provide the conditions to better outputs Participation is an utilitarian concept Civil society´ inputs: a) Embody involvement b)Don´t necessarily provide the conditions to achieve better outputs (a technical mandate)

19. Civil Society X Techno-bureaucracy European Union ICANN Complex decision-making process to achieve balance The opinion of consultants and technicians has more weight No consensus about societal inputs Civil society´s inputs do not necessarily transform into outputs Survey about civil society contributions

20. Civil society X government representation GAC ALAC Narrowed relations with the Board Issues debated a priori Justifications to government representatives Regular Advisory Structure Consequence of inputs uncertain No justification

21. ICANN Structure

22. Displacement of legitimacy Civil SocietyGovernments Technical experts

23. Conclusion Broad range of competences Formal provisions and participatory mechanisms: Legitimization is closer to an integration model ICANN is seeking indirect legitimacy via government intervention. Shared decision-making process between the GAC and the Board Closer to traditional model of legitimization international organization. The role of civil society is currently reduced Search for equilibrium among stakeholders End of JPA: an opportunity?