2.  The story of Phineas Gage The story of Phineas Gage  How his tragic story lead to new scientific discoveries about the human brain!! Answer the following in your comp book 1. How did Phineas Gage change after the accident? 2. How did Phineas Gage’s accident change scientists’ understanding of the brain

3. 2 parts ◦ CNS = Central Nervous system ◦ PNS = Peripheral Nervous system

4. 1. Brain ◦ Average brain = 3-4 lbs. ◦ 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) 2. Spinal Cord ◦ Housed by vertebral column

5.  Leading out from the CNS to specific parts of the body 1. Nerves  31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off to the body 2. Receptors 3. Muscles 4. Glands

6. 1. Reptilian – most primitive 2. Limbic – emotions 3. Cerebrum – most advanced

7.  Name the 2 parts of your NERVOUS SYSTEM  What two things make up your CENTRAL NS?  What 4 things make up your PERIPHERAL NS?  Name the 3 main regions of the brain

8.  Midbrain – vision, hearing  Pons – consciousness, sleep  Medulla oblongata – heart rate & breathing  (vital signs)

9.  Functions below level of conscious thought  Involuntary ◦ Coordination ◦ Balance May play a role in schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, and other psychiatric disorders

11.  Communication between right and left brain Electrical signal problems cause epilepsy

12. ◦ Primitive emotions such as fear and danger ◦ Thirst, hunger

13.  Sensory integration  Spatial sense

14.  Amygdala: ◦ “decodes” emotions, especially anything threatening  Hippocampus: ◦ Learning ◦ Emotional memories…FEAR ◦ Video: start at 3:30 Video: start at 3:30 *Hippocampus and amygdala work together to produce anxiety and related disorders

15.  Most advanced – conscious brain  Largest part of the brain ◦ Intelligence/Reasoning ◦ Memory ◦ Language ◦ Personality ◦ Senses  Divided into 2 halves ◦ Left & Right brain

16.  Surface is greatly folded to increase surface area

17. LEFT BRAIN: logical, rational, analytical

18. RIGHT BRAIN: Creative, random, intuitive

19.  LIST the 3 main parts of the BRAIN  Name the brain part: ◦ Thirst/hunger ◦ Vision, hearing ◦ Anxiety ◦ Fear ◦ Sensory integration ◦ Coordination/balance ◦ Vital signs ◦ Schizophrenia, autism, etc. ◦ Right/left connection ◦ Consciousness, sleep ◦ Intelligence, reasoning

21.  Dancer : right/left brain Dancer  EXTRA CREDIT OP: left / right brain quiz