1. JapaneseJapanese: “giant wave"

2.  Tides are daily changes in seas level due to the sun’s and the moon’s gravities  High tide vs. low tide

3.  Normal waves caused by wind  Normal waves short period sea waves –  seconds apart  Normal waves have wavelength of about 30- 200 ft apart  Normal waves have a height of 1-20 ft  (some exceptions)

4.  Long period- may be 50-100’s miles between waves  May be hours between waves  May travel 400-600 miles per hour, depending on water depth.

5.  In the open ocean, the tsunami is a much smaller wave- less than 10 ft.  Wave builds up as it approaches the shallow shore line

6.  the first part of a tsunami to reach land is a trough—called a drawback —rather than a wave crest, the water along the shoreline recedes dramatically  Drawbacks can serve as a brief warning. People who observe drawback can survive only if they immediately run for high ground

7.  Earthquakes,  volcanic eruptions  landslides,  glacier calvings,  meteorite impacts

8.  Most destructive tsunamis are caused by earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or more.  Richter scale used to measure strength of earthquakes originally, an increase of  1 magnitude = 10 times greater quake  Later corrected to 32 times increase in the amount of energy released, and an increase of two steps = 1000 times stronger

9.  an undersea megathrust earthquakemegathrust earthquake  Sunday, 26 December 2004,  epicenter off the west coast of Sumatra,  caused by subduction  killing over 230,000 people in fourteen countries, with waves up to 100 ft high.  one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded historydeadliest natural disasters in recorded history 2:00 min

10. NOAA video

11.  magnitude of 9.1–9.3, it is the third largest earthquake recordedthird largest earthquake recorded  cause the entire planet to vibrate  Actually changed the distribution of the Earth's mass and caused the Earth to rotate a bit faster, shortening the length of the day by about 1.8 microseconds  triggered other earthquakes as far away as Alaska

12.  Good Friday, March 27, 1964.  most powerful recorded earthquake in U.S. history  magnitude of 9.2, at the time making it the second largest earthquake in recorded history.  some areas near Kodiak were permanently raised by 30 feet

13.  tsunamis in Oregon, California, Hawaii, Japan  video video

14.  the most powerful earthquake ever recorded on Earth, rating 9.5  tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Australia, and the Aleutian Islands in tsunami  local tsunamis up to 82 ft  main tsunami raced across the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hawaii. Waves as high as 35 ft were recorded 6,200 miles from the epicenter, and as far away as Japan and the Philippines.

15.  8.9 quake  Nuclear reactor destroyed news

16.  It is the sudden release and breaking away of a mass of ice from a glacier, video

17.  Alaska Alaska

18.  video video

19.  Deep Impact Deep Impact

20.  yellowstone yellowstone

21.  interviews Sumatra interviews Sumatra