1. Earth’s internal layers are explained by the process of ________________

2. Minerals are _______________

3. ____________ and _____________ are the most abundant elements on Earth’s crust.

4. The mineral properties include:

5. The least reliable mineral property for identifying minerals is ________________

6. Mohs scale is a scale that rates what mineral property ___________

7. How are minerals classified?

8. The two types of igneous rocks are _____________ and _______________.

9. Lava can be ________________ and _____________

10. The most common carbonate rock is ________________

11. The most common rock type at Earth’s surface is ________________

12. Compaction and cementation of sediments leads to ___________________

13. In a sedimentary rock, small rounded particles indicate _____________

14. Contact metamorphism is __________________

15. Marble is metamorphosed ___________________

16. Foliation is _________________

17. Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was __________

18. Iron is mostly found in the core of the Earth because _______________

19. Why are the minerals in volcanic rocks usually smaller than minerals in plutonic rocks?

20. Explain the process of Lithification.

21. What determines the crystal form?

22. The property of a mineral to break along planes of weakness is referred to as _____________________.

23. ___________ are igneous rocks formed from magma below the Earth’s surface. What are batholiths?

24. What is true of minerals? A. Minerals have a crystal structure. B. Minerals can be liquid, solid, or gas. C. Minerals are formed by organisms. D. Minerals can be made in the laboratory.

25. How are minerals classified? A. by their crystal form B. by chemical composition C. by laboratory analysis D. by crystal form, hardness, cleavage, color and streak, luster, and density

26. What factor makes some minerals harder than others? A. Cleavage. Minerals with distinct cleavage planes are harder than minerals with no cleavage. B.They have more luster. C.Strong chemical bonds. Hard minerals have stronger chemical bonds. D.Position. Minerals higher up on Mohs scale of hardness are harder.

27. If a magma has time and space to cool slowly, how does this affect the mineral's growth pattern? A. The minerals grow and extrude onto Earth's surface. B. The crystals are fine and adamantine. C. The minerals grow to become a big shapeless blob. D. The individual crystals grow bigger.

28. Why are silicate minerals so common on Earth's crust? A.Because oxygen and silicon are the most abundant elements on Earth's crust. B.Because there are so many ferro- and nonferro- magnesian silicates. C.Silicate minerals are hard and resist weathering. D.Because feldspar and quartz are so prevalent.

29. Which of these is NOT a way in which minerals can crystallize? A. cleavage B. precipitation C. pressure changes D. cooling magma E. evaporation

30. Which of these is both a rock and a mineral? A. halite B. petrified wood C. granite D. coal

31. Which kind of rock can form dikes? A. metamorphic rock B. sedimentary rock C. igneous rock D. all types of rock

32. Which of the following rocks is a sedimentary rock? A. marble B. schist C. obsidian D. basalt E. limestone

33. Which sedimentary rock can be burned as fuel? A. basalt B. slate C. coal D. limestone E. sandstone