3. BACK to the Compromise of 1850

4. For the North: 1. For the South: 2. The New Mexico Territory: 3. 4. Slavery in Washington, DC: 5.

5. 18501860

6. The Compromise of 1850 was supposed to be the final compromise between the sections… and it was – just for different reasons than Clay had intended.

7. Passed by Wisconsin and other Northern states – Guaranteed jury trials for accused slaves De facto Nullification

8. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s bestselling anti-slavery novel (1852) Original Illustrations: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.htmlhttp://utc.iath.virginia.edu/uncletom/illustra/53illf.html Stowe

11. 1852 Presidential Election 1852 1860 1856

12. Franklin Pierce (D-NH) Fourteenth President of the U.S. 1853-1857 “Handsome Frank” Mexican War Veteran Kansas-Nebraska Act “Doughface” (Pro-Southern) NOT RENOMINATED “There's nothing left to do but get drunk." http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/fp14.html

14. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY In Kansas and Nebraska Territories on the issue of slavery ANIMATED MAP: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ne h/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ MISSOURI COMPROMISE

15. “Bleeding Kansas” “Race to Kansas” – Proslavery vs. Antislavery – “Border Ruffians” (from MO) – N.E. Immigrant Aid Society Beecher’s Bibles ANIMATED MAP: http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ne h/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/ 1855-1859 56 Dead

16. “Beecher’s Bibles” New England Emigrant Aid Society "He (Henry W. Beecher) believed that the Sharps Rifle was a truly moral agency, and that there was more moral power in one of those instruments, so far as the slaveholders of Kansas were concerned, than in a hundred Bibles. You might just as well... read the Bible to Buffaloes as to [pro-slavery settlers]; but they have a supreme respect for the logic that is embodied in Sharp's rifle.” New York Tribune, 2/8/1856 Bibles Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (H.B. Stowe’s relative)

17. Sack of Lawrence Lawrence, KS, after the “Sack of Lawrence” by proslavery settlers

18. – Abolitionist – Pottawatomie Creek Massacre Bibles

19. John Steuart Curry, “Tragic Prelude,” 1937-1941Tragic Prelude

20. Lecompton Proslavery Lecompton Proslavery Topeka Antislavery Topeka Antislavery

21. Republican Party Whig Party (1832-1854) No longer viable after 1852 election SPLIT: Northern Whigs and Southern Whigs Republican Party (1854-Present) Free Soil – NOT abolitionist (although abolitionists supported the Republican Party) New England and “Northwest” power base Northern Whigs + Northern Free Soil Democrats Northern Whigs + Northern Free Soil Democrats FAIL

22. “The Crime Against Kansas” Charles Sumner US Senator (Mass.)

23. Brooks/Sumner Incident Sen. Charles Sumner (MA)Rep. Preston Brooks (SC)

24. READ Sumner’s SpeechREAD Brooks’ Defense SLAP!

26. Nativism = Anti-Immigration

28. Anti-Catholic violence St. Augustine’s Church on Fire

29. The American Party “Know Nothings” CATHOLICS IMMIGRANTS NOTE: Antebellum immigrants were mostly from Germany and Ireland. “I know nothing…” NATIVISM

30. “Citizen Know Nothing” A Mascot for the Movement

31. 1856 Presidential Election 1852 1860 1856

32. Oh! Brother Beecher! Our Kansas Gun has bursted and upset our gunner. I’m afraid we put in too big a load. Ah! Fremont, your sectional Gun has exploded just as I predicted, but my American rifle will bring down that Old Buck. Confound the Gun! if I can only get out of this muss I’ll stick to preaching and let fire-arms alone. Abolition Bog

33. James Buchanan (D-PA) Fifteenth President of the U.S. 1857-1861 Pierce’s Minister to Great Britain – abroad during Kan/Neb Act controversy Sectional Turmoil Escalated Indecisive concerning secession Only bachelor to occupy the White House http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/jb15.html

34. FACTS OF THE CASE: Dred Scott, a slave, lived with his master in free territory for two years. Scott claimed this made him a free man.

35. THE DECISION: 1.People of African descent (incl. Scott) could not be U.S. citizens. 2.Congress can’t forbid slavery in federal territories (violation of property rights) – Ergo, the Missouri Compromise is Unconstitutional Judicial Activism

36. EXECUTIVE BRANCH LEGISLATIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH PresidentCongressSupreme Court ____________ Laws_____________ Laws____________ Laws When Judges Write the Law

37. “Slave Power” Conspiracy?

38. Illinois Senate Race – Stephen Douglas (Democratic Incumbent) – Abraham Lincoln (Republican Challenger) FOCUS: Free Soil Significance: – Douglas wins, but loses popularity in the South. – Lincoln becomes a national figure. Lincoln-Douglas Debate Memorial

40. OBJECTIVE: – Seize a federal arsenal Harpers Ferry, VA TREASON – Tried, Convicted, Executed – Different reactions in North and South

42. NORTH: “Slave Power” Conspiracy The South wants to spread slavery throughout the nation SOUTH: North plans to destroy Southern slavery by igniting slave revolts. Mason-Dixon Line

43. 1860 Presidential Election 1852 1860 1856

44. Abraham Lincoln (R-IL) Sixteenth President of the U.S. 1861-1865 Democratic Party split Election prompted secession of states in the Deep South http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/al16.html