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Chapter 16 Social Psychology.
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Figure 16.F01: Attitudes consists of affects, behaviors, and cognitions.
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Figure 16.F02: American social psychologist Leon Festinger (1919-1989). © Estate of Francis Bello/Photo Researchers, Inc.
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Figure 16.F03: Lines like these were used in the Asch experiment. The reference line is on the left and the lines on the right were the three comparison lines.
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Figure 16.F04: Philip Zimbardo's famous prison study examined the power of the situation in creating roles and social norms. © Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc.
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Figure 16.F05: Milgram and his shock generator.
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Figure 16.F06: Public recruiting announcement used for the Milgram experiment.
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Figure 16.F08: Prevalence of perceived racial bias based on race of respondant. Data from CNN poll, December 12, 2006
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Figure 16.F09: Even when placed into random groups people were more likely to assign money to their own group members (blue) than to members of other groups (red). Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149–178.
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Figure 16.F07: The Milgram experiment consisted of an experimenter and learner who were both part of the study, and a teacher. © L.Watcharapol/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 16.VOA: © ZargonDesign/iStockphoto
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Table 16.T01: Factors that Increase and Decrease Conformity
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Table 16.T02: Factors that Increase and Decrease Bystander Assistance
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Figure 16.UN01: Groups can be as small as two and as large as millions. © Design Pics/Colleen Cahill/Valueline/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN02: Social norms are the expectations we have for the behaviors of others. © DigitalVision/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN03: People focus on unusual features in order to predict behavior or personality. © Jupiterimages/Polka Dot/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN04: How you interpret behavior depends on the context. You might see this woman as being tidy and careful. © AISPIX by Image Source/ShutterStock, Inc.
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Figure 16.UN05: You might see this woman as being inattentive and careless in this context. © Stockbyte/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN06: Person perception suggests that people categorize others based, in part, on physical appearance. © Comstock/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN07: It can take less than 1/10 of a second to determine whether you trust this man. Person perception suggests you can make a decision like this without being aware. © iStockphoto/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN08: Is this person impatient or is the situation hard to tolerate? © iStockphoto/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN09: People are less likely to help if they believe the victim is the cause of the misfortune. © Creatas/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN10: If you are convinced by how a salesperson looks, you are employing the peripheral route to persuasion. © iStockphoto/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN11 © Jupiterimages/Comstock/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN12: Obedience involves a change in behavior in response to the orders of another. © Hemera/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN13: Social pressure to conform is known as normative social influence. © DigitalVision/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN14: Similarity is an important factor for attraction. © Jack Hollingsworth/DigitalVision/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN15: Sometimes people offer assistance for personal gain and not as an act of altruism. © Comstock/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN16: There are many reasons for prosocial behavior including the social responsibility norm, the assumption that assistance should be offered to those in need. © Jupiterimages/Pixland/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN17: Catherine (Kitty) Genovese © AP Photos
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Figure 16.UN18: People are less likely to offer help if they believe that help as already been offered. © Michael Blann/DigitalVision/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN19: In groupthink the members are so focused on being a good group member they aren’t focused on making the best decisions. © Jupiterimages/BananaStock/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN20: Is everyone here pulling as hard as they can? Probably not. When individual effort can't be measured it can lead to social loafing. © iStockphoto/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN21: According to social facilitation, having others around can be motivating. © Ryan McVay/DigitalVision/Thinkstock
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Figure 16.UN22: Being in a crowd can cause deindividuation and diminish self control and individual responsibility. © Ryan McVay/Photodisc/Thinkstock
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