1. Adolescent Sleep Needs & School Start Time Study Progress Report to Algonquin Parent Teacher Organization February 6, 2014 Mary Hamaker & Kathy Allen 1

2. Exploratory Committee Goals Gather medical data regarding adolescent sleep needsGather medical data regarding adolescent sleep needs Gather information from other Massachusetts schools that have moved high school start time later to accommodate adolescent sleep needsGather information from other Massachusetts schools that have moved high school start time later to accommodate adolescent sleep needs 2

3. Examples of MA Schools That Have Made the Switch Arlington: 8:00 a.m. – 2:26 p.m.Arlington: 8:00 a.m. – 2:26 p.m. Marblehead: 7:55 a.m. – 2:30 p.m.Marblehead: 7:55 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Medway: 8:04 a.m. – 2:31 p.m.Medway: 8:04 a.m. – 2:31 p.m. Hingham: 8:00 a.m. – 2:32 p.m.Hingham: 8:00 a.m. – 2:32 p.m. Needham: 8:00 a.m. – 2:35 p.m.Needham: 8:00 a.m. – 2:35 p.m. Duxbury: 8:20 a.m. – 2:45 p.m.Duxbury: 8:20 a.m. – 2:45 p.m. Nauset: 8:35 a.m. – 3:00 p.m.Nauset: 8:35 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. Sharon: 8:05 a.m. – 2:40 p.m.Sharon: 8:05 a.m. – 2:40 p.m. North Andover: 7:43 a.m. – 2:15 p.m.North Andover: 7:43 a.m. – 2:15 p.m. Other schools around the country: http://www.startschoollater.net/success-stories.html http://www.startschoollater.net/success-stories.html 3

4. Medical Data – Key Facts & Findings Most adolescents need at least 9 hours of sleep/night (1)Most adolescents need at least 9 hours of sleep/night (1) Even a delay of 30 minutes in start time can have a meaningful effect on sleep patterns (2)Even a delay of 30 minutes in start time can have a meaningful effect on sleep patterns (2) Teens do not stay up later when school starts later (3)Teens do not stay up later when school starts later (3) Too little sleep during the week and “binge” sleeping on weekends have a negative impact on circadian rhythms (4)Too little sleep during the week and “binge” sleeping on weekends have a negative impact on circadian rhythms (4) 4

5. What Happens When Teens Get Too Little Sleep? (5) Drowsiness/fatigueDrowsiness/fatigue Compromised alertnessCompromised alertness Lapses in attentionLapses in attention Reduced ability to solve complicated problemsReduced ability to solve complicated problems Lack of concentration and increased mistakesLack of concentration and increased mistakes Mood/emotional swingsMood/emotional swings Impulsive behaviorImpulsive behavior IrritabilityIrritability Poor reaction timesPoor reaction times 5

6. Other Effects of Too Little Sleep (5) Increased anxiety and depressionIncreased anxiety and depression Increased automobile accidentsIncreased automobile accidents Substance abuseSubstance abuse Lower gradesLower grades Tardiness/attendance problemsTardiness/attendance problems Obesity/metabolism problemsObesity/metabolism problems InjuriesInjuries Lower self esteemLower self esteem 6

7. Examples of Benefits Schools Have Realized From Later Start Time NausetNauset 30% reduction in tardiness30% reduction in tardiness 50% reduction in D & F grades50% reduction in D & F grades 95% teachers & students report feeling rested and better able to handle the day95% teachers & students report feeling rested and better able to handle the day SharonSharon Swapped home room for school-wide 40 min study hall that can also be used for extra help, music practice, counselor appointments, etc.Swapped home room for school-wide 40 min study hall that can also be used for extra help, music practice, counselor appointments, etc. Neighboring schools very accommodating for athletic schedulesNeighboring schools very accommodating for athletic schedules No complaints re later start time in over 3 years – people will adjustNo complaints re later start time in over 3 years – people will adjust St. George’s School, RI (6)St. George’s School, RI (6) Students stayed up on average 18 minutes longer and slept 45 minutes more Percent of students getting <7 hours of sleep decreased 79.4% Students reporting getting at least 8 hours of sleep increased 16.4% to 54.7% of students Reduction in students visiting health center for depression/anxiety 7

8. Logistics & Stakeholders We Must Address to Make the Switch Bus schedules – Northborough & Southborough elementary and middle schools, as well as AlgonquinBus schedules – Northborough & Southborough elementary and middle schools, as well as Algonquin Teachers and administrative personnelTeachers and administrative personnel AthleticsAthletics Extra helpExtra help Clubs/extra curricular activitiesClubs/extra curricular activities After school jobs (7)After school jobs (7) 8

9. Next Steps Discussion with stakeholdersDiscussion with stakeholders Community outreach – parents and studentsCommunity outreach – parents and students Establish a formal committeeEstablish a formal committee 9

10. Appendix 1.“Teens and Sleep”, National Sleep Foundation (http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep- topics/teens-and-sleep) Noland, et al., “Adolescents’ Sleep Behaviors and Perceptions of Sleep”, Journal of School Health, 79(5), 224-230, 2009 http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep- topics/teens-and-sleephttp://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep- topics/teens-and-sleep 2.“Later Start to School Boosts Teens’ Health”, Wall Street Journal Online (http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704535004575349182901006438 ); Wolfson, et al., “Sleep Schedules and Daytime Functioning in Adolescents”, Child Development, 69(4) 875-887, 1998 http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704535004575349182901006438 3.Wahlstrom, “Changing Times: Findings from the First Longitudinal Study of Later High School Start Times” (http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/139295/1/2002%20NASSP%20Bulletin%2c%20Vol.%20 86%20No.%20633.pdf ) http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/139295/1/2002%20NASSP%20Bulletin%2c%20Vol.%20 86%20No.%20633.pdfhttp://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/139295/1/2002%20NASSP%20Bulletin%2c%20Vol.%20 86%20No.%20633.pdf 4.“Sleep and Teens”, UCLA Sleep Disorder Center (http://sleepcenter.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=63 ); "Interview with Dr. Mary Carskadon”, FrontLine (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/interviews/carskadon.html); Golombek, et al., “Mind, Brain, Education and Biological Timing”, Mind, Brain and Education, 2(1), 1-6, (2008) http://sleepcenter.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=63http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/interviews/carskadon.htmlhttp://sleepcenter.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=63http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/interviews/carskadon.html 5.“Sleep Duration and Adolescent Obesity”, Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics (http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/5/e1428) ; Adolescent Sleep, School Start Times, and Teen Motor Vehicle Crashes, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603528/); Sleep Medicine Reviews, Volume 16, Issue 2, April 2012, Pages 129–136; “Adolescent Sleep Needs and Patterns: Research Report and Resource Guide”, National Sleep Foundation (http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/hot- topics/adolescent-sleep-needs-and-patterns ) http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/5/e1428http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603528/http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/hot- topics/adolescent-sleep-needs-and-patternshttp://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/5/e1428http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603528/http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/hot- topics/adolescent-sleep-needs-and-patterns 10

11. Appendix – cont. 6. “Impact of Delaying School Start Time on Adolescent Sleep, Mood, and Behavior” Journal of American Medical Association Pediatrics (http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=383436 ) “Later Start to School Boosts Teens’ Health”, Wall Street Journal Online (http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704535004575349182901006438 ) http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=383436http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704535004575349182901006438http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=383436http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748704535004575349182901006438 7.“Later School Start Time May Foster Better Students”, Health Day (http://consumer.healthday.com/mental-health-information-25/behavior-health-news- 56/later-school-start-times-may-foster-better-students-640822.html); Kubow, “Starting Time and School Life: Reflections from Educators and Students” Phi Beta Kappan 80(5), 366-371 (1999) http://consumer.healthday.com/mental-health-information-25/behavior-health-news- 56/later-school-start-times-may-foster-better-students-640822.htmlhttp://consumer.healthday.com/mental-health-information-25/behavior-health-news- 56/later-school-start-times-may-foster-better-students-640822.html 11