1. Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses EQ: How are viruses and bacteria treated?

2. Bacterial Disease Mechanisms

3. Controlling Bacteria Control methods include: ____________________ Disinfectants – chemicals that kill bacteria Food storage – low temps (fridge) slow the growth of bacteria Food processing – cooking food at high temps kills bacteria Sterilization by heat – sterilizing medical instruments at high temps Physical removal

4. Preventing and Treating Bacterial Disease Vaccine: preparation of weakened or killed pathogens or inactivated toxins Antibiotics: block the growth and reproduction of bacteria S. aureus bacterium

5. Viral Disease Mechanisms

6. Preventing and Treating Viral Diseases Viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics. Smallpox viruses Prevention (through vaccines) is the best protection.

7. Emerging Diseases

8. Superbugs In the 1940s, penicillin was a miracle drug. Now it has lost much of its effectiveness. Physicians now must fight “superbugs” such as MRSA. MRSA, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus

9. New Viruses Jumps from one species to another (HIV) - Because viruses replicate so quickly, their genetic makeup can change rapidly, sometimes allowing a virus to jump from one species to another. Gene shuffling – switching up the genes among different viruses creates new viruses. Caused by: