1. Final Project By Luke McClure

2.  By law a hate crime is any form of bias- motivated violence.  Hate crimes are usually when one social group targets another social group because of bias against their Race, Sex or Sexual orientation.

3. 1984

4.  Free white man was convicted of murder upon the testimony of Chinese witnesses.  394 th section of the Act Concerning Civil Cases.  The 14 th Section of the Act of April 16 th 1850, regulating Criminal Precedings  Chief Justice of the California Supreme Court deemed the testimony inadmissible.

5.  Racial tension towards Blacks, Indians and Mulatto people.  Testimony of people who were not white discredited and deemed inadmissible in court.  Created “open season” on Chinese and other races of people.  Created more hostile environments and still has lasting effects on people today.

6.  Man sentenced to 19 years in prison for burning down the house of a Hmong Family.  Andrew Franz pleaded Guilty saying the fire was meant to “send a message” to Asians in the Manitowoc area.  Franz was sentenced after refusing to speak.  Judge said Franz showed no sign of remorse.

7.  Racial tension can be avoided.  Hate can be against anyone not just one group of people.  Hate crimes can be stopped.  Everyone in this country has equal rights.  Stopping Hate Crimes and Hate in general will only make the United States stronger.

9. -Arsonist Sentenced for Hate Crimes, Tom Kertscher, Published in the Milwaukee Journal/ Sentinal Inc. -People v. Hall. The People, Respondent, v. George W. Hall, Appellant (1854) -Race, Class and Gender in the United States, Paula S. Rothenberg, Worth Publishers (2010) -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_crime